An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans
Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human.
Episodes

Aug 13, 2026
Aug 13, 2026
1hr 23 min
The Two Humans put on their space helmets and probe humankind’s one-hundred-year-old obsession with space aliens.
Episode 88 – So…How Was Your Trip? UFOs and Making Small Talk with Space Aliens
An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans
Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human.
Website: http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542
IG: @introtoanthrowith2humans
Patreon: https://patreon.com/AnIntrotoAnthrowithTwoHumans
Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/@introtoanthrowith2humans
Merch: www.cafepress.com/shop/TheCaveShoppe/products?designId=13619501
Resources:
Albright, Thomas D.
2023 On Eyewitness Reports of Extraterrestrial Life. The Reliability of UFO Witness Testimony (ed. V. J. Ballester-Olmos and Richard W. Heiden). Cooperativa Iniziative e Studi UPIAR, Turin, Italy, pp. 241-256.
Al-Khalili, Jim
2016 Introduction: Where Is Everybody? Aliens: The World’s Leading Scientists on the Search for Extraterrestrial Life (ed. Jim Al-Khalili). Picador, New York, NY, pp. 1-10.
Bader, Christopher D.
2003 Supernatural Support Groups: Who Are the UFO Abductees and Ritual-Abuse Survivors? Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, Dec., 2003, Vol. 42, No. 4 (Dec., 2003), pp. 669-67.
Becket, Stefan
2023 What are UAPs, and why do UFOs have a new name?. CBS News, September 14, 2023, www.cbsnews.com/news/what-are-uaps-unexplained-aerial-phenomenon-ufos-new-name/.
Bialik, Carl and Taylor Orth
2025 Half of Americans believe aliens have visited Earth. YouGov (website), November 25, 2025, yougov.com/en-us/articles/53486-half-of-americans-believe-aliens-have-visited-earth.
Bullard, Thomas E.
1989 UFO Abduction Reports: The Supernatural Kidnap Narrative Returns in Technological Guise. The Journal of American Folklore , Apr. - Jun., 1989, Vol. 102, No. 404 (Apr. - Jun., 1989), pp. 147-170.
Bynum, Joyce
1993 Kidnapped by an Alien: Tales of UFO Abductions. ETC: A Review of General Semantics, Spring 1993, Vol. 50, No. 1 (Spring 1993), pp. 86-95.
Campbell, Dallas
2016 Flying Saucers: A Brief History of Sightings and Conspiracies. Aliens: The World’s Leading Scientists on the Search for Extraterrestrial Life (ed. Jim Al-Khalili). Picador, New York, NY, pp. 35-46.
Cleveland Clinic
2023 Highway Hypnosis Is Just Around the Bend. The Cleveland Clinic (website), June 9, 2023, health.clevelandclinic.org/highway-hypnosis.
Consolmagno, Guy and Paul Mueller
2014 Would You Baptize an Extraterrestrial?...And Other Questions from the Astronomers’ In-Box at the Vatican Observatory. Image, New York, NY.
Csicsery-Ronay, Jr., Istvan
2007 Some Things We Know about Aliens. The Yearbook of English Studies, 2007, Vol. 37, No. 2, Science Fiction (2007), pp. 1-23.
Dartnell, Lewis
2016 (Un)welcome Visitors: Why Aliens Might Visit Us. Aliens: The World’s Leading Scientists on the Search for Extraterrestrial Life (ed. Jim Al-Khalili). Picador, New York, NY, pp. 25-34.
Dean, Jodi
1998 Aliens in America: Conspiracy Cultures from Outerspace to Cyberspace. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY.
De Pinto, Jennifer, Anthony Salvanto, and Fred Backus
2026 CBS News poll finds most Americans believe extraterrestrial life exists – and some think it's already here. CBS News, June 11, 2026, www.cbsnews.com/news/americans-believe-extraterrestrial-life-exists-opinion-poll/.
Dewan, William J.
2006 "A Saucerful of Secrets": An Interdisciplinary Analysis of UFO Experiences. The Journal of American Folklore, Spring, 2006, Vol. 119, No. 472 (Spring, 2006), pp. 184-202.
Dick, Steven J.
1998 Life on Other Worlds: The 20th-Century Extraterrestrial Life Debate. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
French, Christopher C.
2016 Abducted: The Psychology of Close Encounters with Extraterrestrials. Aliens: The World’s Leading Scientists on the Search for Extraterrestrial Life (ed. Jim Al-Khalili). Picador, New York, NY, pp. 58-69.
2023 Hypnotic Regression and False Memories. The Reliability of UFO Witness Testimony (ed. V. J. Ballester-Olmos and Richard W. Heiden). Cooperativa Iniziative e Studi UPIAR, Turin, Italy, pp. 283-294.
Gregersen, Erik
2026 Fermi Paradox. Britannica, July 22, 2026, www.britannica.com/ science/Fermi-paradox.
Gutierrez, Lisa
2026 Fictionalized Kansas City at heart of Spielberg’s new ET movie, ‘Disclosure Day.’ The Kansas City Star, June 10, 2026, www.kansascity.com/news/local/ article316047404.html.
Henderson, Amy
2026 Orson Welles and the 70th Anniversary of War of the Worlds. Face to Face (blog), The National Portrait Gallery (website), npg.si.edu/blog/orson-welles-and-70th-anniversary-war-worlds, (accessed August 3, 2026).
Hilditch, Cameron
2021 UFOs Don’t Cancel Out Christianity. National Review, May 30, 2021, staging.nationalreview.com/2021/05/ufos-dont-cancel-out-christianity/?utm_source=recirc-mobile&utm_medium=article&utm_ campaign=river&utm_content=next-article&utm_term=first.
Huston, Peter
2023 Meeting the Abductees: Betty Hill, Richard Price & Others. The Reliability of UFO Witness Testimony (ed. V. J. Ballester-Olmos and Richard W. Heiden). Cooperativa Iniziative e Studi UPIAR, Turin, Italy, pp. 61-76.
Lewis, Briley
2025 How many planets are in the universe? Live Science, April 28, 2025, www.livescience.com/space/how-many-planets-are-in-the-universewww.jpl.nasa.gov/news/billions-and-billions-of-planets/.
Lewis-Kraus, Gideon
2021 The U.F.O. Papers. The New Yorker, May 10, 2021.
Lohn, Kate
2026 The Fermi Paradox: Where Are All the Aliens? Britannica (website), www.britannica.com/story/the-fermi-paradox-where-are-all-the-aliens, (accessed July 29, 2026).
Luckhurst, Roger
1998 The Science-Fictionalization of Trauma: Remarks on Narratives of Alien Abduction. Science Fiction Studies , Mar., 1998, Vol. 25, No. 1 (Mar., 1998), pp. 29-52.
Markham, Devan
2025 UFO vs. UAP: What’s the difference? NewsNation, September 9, 2025, www.cbsnews.com/news/what-are-uaps-unexplained-aerial-phenomenon-ufos-new-name.
McNally, Richard J., Natasha B. Lasko, Susan Clancy, Michael L. Macklin, et al.
2004 Psychophysiological Responding during Script-Driven Imagery in People Reporting Abduction by Space Aliens. Psychological Science, Jul., 2004, Vol. 15, No. 7 (Jul., 2004), pp. 493-497.
Memmot, Mark
2013 75 Years Ago, 'War Of The Worlds' Started A Panic. Or Did It? NPR, October 30, 2013, www.npr.org/sections/ thetwo-way/2013/10/30/241797346/75-years-ago-war-of-the-worlds-started-a-panic-or-did-it.
NASA
2026 Age & Size of the Universe Through the Years. NASA’s Cosmic Times (website), imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/educators/programs/cosmictimes/ educators/guide/age_size.html, (accessed August 2, 2026).
2026 Star Basics. NASA (website), science.nasa.gov/universe/stars/, (accessed July 26, 2026).
2026 Then vs. Now: The Age of the Universe. NASA’s Imagine the Universe (website), imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/science/featured_science/tenyear/ age.html (accessed August 2, 2026).
NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory
2013 Billions and Billions of Planets. NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (website), January 3, 2013, www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/billions-and-billions-of-planets/.
Planet Comics
1947 Planet Comics: Auro, Lord of Jupiter in “The Mecho Men from Mars” also Mysta of the Moon Lost World – Futura and Many Others, Number 46, January 1947. Love Romances Pub. Co., Inc., New York, NY.
Pooley, Jefferson and Michael J. Socolow
2013 The Myth of the War of the Worlds Panic. Slate, October 28, 2013, slate.com/culture/2013/10/orson-welles-war-of-the-worlds-panic-myth-the-infamous-radio-broadcast-did-not-cause-a-nationwide-hysteria.html.
Psychology Today
2025 Dissociation. Psychology Today, November 26, 2025, www. psychologytoday.com/us/basics/dissociation.
Rees, Martin
2016 Aliens and US: Could Post-humans Spread through the Galaxy? Aliens: The World’s Leading Scientists on the Search for Extraterrestrial Life (ed. Jim Al-Khalili). Picador, New York, NY, pp. 11-21.
Schick, Jr., Theodore and Lewis Vaughn
2014 How to Think about Weird Things: Critical Thinking for a New Age (7th Edition). McGraw-Hill, New York, NY.
Schwartz, A. Brad
2015 The Infamous “War of the Worlds” Radio Broadcast Was a Magnificent Fluke. Smithsonian Magazine, May 6, 2015, www.smithsonianmag.com/ history/infamous-war-worlds-radio-broadcast-was-magnificent-fluke-180955180.
SETI
2026 The Fermi Paradox. SETI.org (website), www.seti.org/research/seti-101/fermi-paradox/, (accessed August 2, 2026).
Sharps, Matthew J.
2023 Forensic Cognitive Science and the UFO Phenomenon. The Reliability of UFO Witness Testimony (ed. V. J. Ballester-Olmos and Richard W. Heiden). Cooperativa Iniziative e Studi UPIAR, Turin, Italy, pp. 368-384.
2024 The Forensic View: Investigative Psychology, Law Enforcement, Space Aliens, Exploration, and the Nature of Madness. Matthew J. Sharps, Coppell, TX.
Summer, Jay Vera
2025 Hypnopompic Hallucinations. Sleep Foundation, July 10, 2025, www.sleepfoundation.org/how-sleep-works/hypnopompic-hallucinations.
Teti, Matthew
2026 UFOs, Manifest Destiny, and the Climate Crisis: The Case for Space and Its Discontent. Unserious Ecocriticism: Humor, Play & Environmental Destruction in Art & Visual Culture (ed. Jessica Landau and Maria Lu). Amherst College Press, Amherst, MA, pp. 207-224.
Thompson, Keith
1991 Angels and Aliens: UFOs and the Mythic Imagination. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Reading, MA.
Tyson, Neil deGrasse
2026 Take Me to Your Leader: Perspectives on Your First Alien Encounter. Simon Six, New York, NY.
Watson, Nigel
2023 On the Credibility of the Barney & Betty Hill Abduction Case. The Reliability of UFO Witness Testimony (ed. V. J. Ballester-Olmos and Richard W. Heiden). Cooperativa Iniziative e Studi UPIAR, Turin, Italy, pp. 220-228.
White, Luise
2023 Aliens Are Good to Talk With. The Reliability of UFO Witness Testimony (ed. V. J. Ballester-Olmos and Richard W. Heiden). Cooperativa Iniziative e Studi UPIAR, Turin, Italy, pp. 524-527.
Wolchover, Natalie
2012 The Surprising Origin of Alien Abduction Stories. NBC News, May 7, 2012, www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna47328006.

Jun 24, 2026
Jun 24, 2026
1hr 26 min
The Two Humans take a good, hard look in the mirror and decide they need cosmetic surgery.
Episode 87 -- Tall, Dark, and Handsome (with a Little More Hair on Top)
An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human.
Website: http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542
IG: @introtoanthrowith2humans
Patreon: https://patreon.com/AnIntrotoAnthrowithTwoHumans
Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/@introtoanthrowith2humans
Merch: www.cafepress.com/shop/TheCaveShoppe/products?designId=13619501
Resources:
Akter, Farhana and Greg Williams
2016 The Evolution of Hair Transplant Surgery. Textbook of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (ed. Deepak M. Kalaskar, Peter E. Butler and Shadi Ghali). UCL Press, London, UK, pp. 431-446.
Arnett, George
2014 Germany: the world's capital of penis enlargement. The Guardian, July 31, 2014, www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2014/jul/31/germany-the-worlds-capital-of-penis-enlargment-country.
Blair, Lorrie and Maya Shalmon
2005 Cosmetic Surgery and the Cultural Construction of Beauty. Art Education, May 2005, Vol. 58, No. 3 (May, 2005), pp. 14-18.
Britannica Editors
2026 Body Modifications and Mutilations. Britannica.com, www.britannica.com/ science/body-modifications-and-mutilations, (accessed June 11, 2026).
Bukumal, Zain and Ash Mosahebi
2016 Body Contouring. Textbook of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (ed. Deepak M. Kalaskar, Peter E. Butler and Shadi Ghali). UCL Press, London, UK, pp. 409-430.
Chen, Yuan, Yinuo Jiang, Xiao Li, Bin Wang, et al.
2025 Penile enhancement: A comprehensive and current perspective. Current Urology, March 28, 2025, 19(3), pp. 145–156.
Cleveland Clinic
2023 Foreskin Restoration. The Cleveland Clinic (website), July 18, 2023, my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/25139-foreskin-restoration.
Deslandes, Paul R.
2021 The Culture of Male Beauty in Britain. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL.
Drury, Colin
2018 ‘I wanted a truncheon in my pants’: the rise of the penis extension. The Guardian, September 22, 2018, www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/ sep/22/penis-extension-wanted-truncheon-in-pants-rise.
Duguid, Michelle M. and Jack A. Goncalo
2012 Living Large: The Powerful Overestimate Their Own Height. Psychological Science, January 2012, Vol. 23, No. 1 (January 2012), pp. 36-40.
Gangestad, Steven W. and Glenn J. Scheyd
2005 The Evolution of Human Physical Attractiveness. Annual Review of Anthropology, 2005, Vol. 34 (2005), pp. 523-548.
Gilman, Sander L.
1999 Making the Body Beautiful: A Cultural History of Aesthetic Surgery. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
Honigman, Roberta J., Katharine A. Phillips, and David J. Castle
2004 A Review of Psychological Outcomes for Patients Seeking Cosmetic Surgery. Plastic Reconstructive Surgery, April 1, 2004, 113(4), pp. 1229-1237.
Kanapathy, Muholan and Niall Kirkpatrick
2016 Facial Aesthetic Surgery. Textbook of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (ed. Deepak M. Kalaskar, Peter E. Butler and Shadi Ghali). UCL Press, London, UK, pp. 346-373.
Korhonen, Anu
2010 Strange Things Out of Hair: Baldness and Masculinity in Early Modern England. The Sixteenth Century Journal, Summer 2010, Vol. 41, No. 2 (Summer 2010), pp. 371-391.
Kottak, Conrad Phillip
2011 Cultural Anthropology: Appreciating Cultural Diversity (Fourteenth Edition), McGraw-Hill, New York, NY.
Lee, Bruce Y.
2026 ‘Bone Smashing’ TikTok Trend, Here Are Dangers Of Hammering Your Face. Minded by Science, March 1, 2026, bruceylee.substack.com/p/bone-smashing-tiktok-trend-here-are.
2026 What Is Mogging? Psychology Today, March 5, 2026, www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/a-funny-bone-to-pick/202603/what-is-mogging.
Leung, Billy Ching, Kimberly Lau, and Hugo Henderson
2016 Blepharoplasty – Special Focus on Asian Blepharoplasty. Textbook of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (ed. Deepak M. Kalaskar, Peter E. Butler and Shadi Ghali). UCL Press, London, UK, pp. 374-386.
Lincoln, Margarette
2024 Perfection: 400 Years of Women’s Quest for Beauty. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT.
Mangweth, B., H.G. Pope, G. Kemmler, C. Einbichler, et al.
2001 Body Image and Psychopathology in Male Bodybuilders. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Vol. 70, No. 1 (2001), pp. 38-43.
Michaelson, Ruth
2025 ‘Being short is a curse’: the men paying thousands to get their legs broken – and lengthened. The Guardian, August 17, 2025, www.theguardian.com/ lifeandstyle/2025/aug/17/being-short-is-a-curse-the-men-paying-thousands-to-get-their-legs-broken-and-lengthened.
Murugesan, Log, Julia Ruston, and Patrick Mallucci
2016 Aesthetic Breast Surgery. Textbook of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (ed. Deepak M. Kalaskar, Peter E. Butler and Shadi Ghali). UCL Press, London, UK, pp. 387-408
Pandolfi, Mariella
1999 Body. Journal of Linguistic Anthropology, June 1999, Vol. 9, No. 1/2 (June 1999), pp. 16-19.
Pappas, Dale
2026 Was Napoleon Short? Here’s the Truth About His Height. The Collector, April 4, 2026, www.thecollector.com/how-tall-was-napoleon/.
Perito Clinic
2026 The History of Penis Enlargement: From Prehistoric Times to Today. PeritoClinic.com (website), peritoclinic.com/the-history-of-penis-enlargement-from-prehistoric-times-to-today/ (accessed June 14, 2026).
Reischer, Erica and Kathryn S. Koo
2004 The Body Beautiful: Symbolism and Agency in the Social World. Annual Review of Anthropology, 2004, Vol. 33 (2004), pp. 297-317.
Rhode, Deborah L.
2009 The Injustice of Appearance. Stanford Law Review, Mar., 2009, Vol. 61, No. 5 (Mar., 2009), pp. 1033-1101.
Ricciardelli, Rosemary and Kimberley Clow
2009 Men, Appearance, and Cosmetic Surgery: The Role of Self-esteem and Comfort with the Body. The Canadian Journal of Sociology/Cahiers canadiens de sociologie, Vol. 34, No. 1 (2009), pp. 105-134.
Rothfeld, Becca
2026 The Captivating Derangement of the Looksmaxxing Movement. The New Yorker, March 7, 2026, www.newyorker.com/culture/critics-notebook/the-captivating-derangement-of-the-looksmaxxing-movement.
Sexual Medicine Society of North America (SMSNA)
2026 What Is the Average Penis Size?. Sexual Medicine Society of North America (SMSNA) (website), www.smsna.org/patients/did-you-know/what-is-the-average-penis-size (accessed June 14, 2026).
Snaith, Philip
1992 Body Image Disorders. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 1992, Vol. 58, No. 3/4 (1992), pp. 119-124.
Sokolow, Jayme A.
2017 Size Matters: A History of Height in America. Academica Press: Washington, DC.
Sosnick, Charlie
2026 What is Bonesmashing? Inside the Extreme Looksmaxxer Technique. GQ, February 24, 2026, www.gq.com/story/what-is-bonesmashing-looksmaxxing-technique.
Sullivan, Deborah A.
2001 Cosmetic Surgery: The Cutting Edge of Commercial Medicine in America. Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, NJ.
Thornhill, Randy and Steven W. Gangestad
1999 Facial Attractiveness. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Vol. 3, No. 12, December 1999, pp. 452-460.
Tomkins, Isaaq
2026 You can’t control everything’: the rise in plastic surgeons asked to create ‘AI face.’ The Guardian, May 23, 2026, www.theguardian.com/technology/ 2026/ may/23/rise-in-plastic-surgeons-asked-to-create-ai-face-cosmetic-surgery.
Wang, Marina
2026 How 5 Ancient Cultures Literally Reshaped the Human Skull. History.com, March 6, 2026, www.history.com/articles/ancient-skull-cranial-modification.
Wegenstein, Bernadette
2012 The Cosmetic Gaze: Body Modification and the Construction of Beauty. The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
World Population Review
2026 Average Height by State 2026. World Population Review (website), worldpopulationreview.com/state-rankings/average-height-by-state, (accessed June 21, 2026).

May 5, 2026
May 5, 2026
1hr 34 min
The Two Humans are joined by comedian, actor, and art lover Chris Hogan as they discuss sticky fingers in art museums and why it’s so hard to recover stolen artworks.
Episode 86 – How Much Is That Degas in the Window? The One with the Spurious Tale.
An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans
Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human.
Website: http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542
IG: @introtoanthrowith2humans
Patreon: https://patreon.com/AnIntrotoAnthrowithTwoHumans
Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/@introtoanthrowith2humans
Merch: www.cafepress.com/shop/TheCaveShoppe/products?designId=13619501
Resources:
Aikman, Ian and Rachel Hagen
2025 Everything We Know about the Louvre Jewelry Heist. BBC, October 20, 2025, www.bbc.com/news/articles/cg7nrlkg0zxo.
Alford, Kenneth D.
2000 Nazi Plunder: Great Treasure Stories of World War II. Da Capo Press, Cambridge, MA.
Artbusiness.com
2026 Art Provenance: What It Is and How to Verify It. Artbusiness.com (website), www.artbusiness.com/provwarn.html (accessed March 22, 2026).
Barelli, John and Zachary Schisgal
2019 Stealing the Show: A History of Art and Crime in Six Thefts. Lyons Press, Guilford, CT.
Borodkin, Lisa J.
1995 The Economics of Antiquities Looting and a Proposed Legal Alternative. Columbia Law Review, Mar., 1995, Vol. 95, No. 2 (Mar., 1995), pp. 377-417.
Brower II, Charles H.
2005 Republic of Austria v. Altmann. The American Journal of International Law, Jan., 2005, Vol. 99, No. 1 (Jan., 2005), pp. 236-242.
Charney, Noah
2018 The Museum of Lost Art. Phaedon Press Limited, London, UK.
2024 The Thefts of the Mona Lisa: The Complete Story of the World’s Most Famous Artwork. Rowman & Littlefield, Lanham, MD.
Collins, Donald E. and Herbert P. Rothfeder
1983 The Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg and the Looting of Jewish and Masonic Libraries during World War II. The Journal of Library History (1974-1987), Winter, 1983, Vol. 18, No. 1 (Winter, 1983), pp. 21-36.
Davies, Caroline
2025 Two men jailed over theft of £4.75m gold toilet from Blenheim Palace. The Guardian, June 13, 2025, www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2025/jun/13/two-men-jailed-over-theft-of-gold-toilet-from-blenheim-palace.
DeMott, Deborah A.
2012 Artful Good Faith: An Essay on Law, Custom, and Intermediaries in Art Markets. Duke Law Journal, December 2012, Vol. 62, No. 3, Special Symposium Issue Custom and Law (December 2012), pp. 607-643.
Evans, Laura
2024 The Atlas of Art Crime: Thefts, Vandalism, and Forgeries. Prestel, Munich, Germany.
Evans, Richard J.
2011 Art in the Time of War. The National Interest, May/June 2011, No. 113 (May/June 2011), pp. 16-26.
Gaudenzi, Bianca and Astrid Swenson
2017 Looted Art and Restitution in the Twentieth Century—Towards a Global Perspective. Journal of Contemporary History, July 2017, Vol. 52, No. 3 (July 2017), pp. 491-518.
Gerstenblith, Patty
2008 Art, Cultural Heritage, and the Law (Second Edition). Carolina Academic Press, Durham, NC.
Gerstenblith, Patty and Lucille Roussin
2007 International Cultural Property. The International Lawyer, SUMMER 2007, Vol. 41, No. 2, International Legal Developments in Review: 2006 (SUMMER 2007), pp. 613-628.
Givens, Seth A.
2014 Liberating the Germans: The US Army and Looting in Germany during the Second World War. War in History, January 2014, Vol. 21, No. 1 (January 2014), pp. 33-54.
Hendricks, Ashley Domingo
2022 Our Obsession with Art Heists. JSTOR Daily, August 19, 2022, daily.jstor.org/our-obsession-with-art-heists/.
Henley, Jon
2025 Prosecutor has ‘small hope’ of recovering Louvre jewels thanks to gear left by thieves. The Guardian, October 24, 2025, www.theguardian.com/world/ 2025/oct/24/louvre-jewels-recovery-dna-fingerprints.
2025 Four More People Arrested in Connection with Louvre Heist. The Guardian, November 25, 2025, www.theguardian.com/world/2025/nov/25/more-people-arrested-louvre-heist.
Houpt, Simon
2006 Museum of the Missing: A History of Art Theft. Sterling Publishing Co., Inc., New York, NY.
Interpol
2025 Louvre Museum theft: Stolen jewels added to INTERPOL's Stolen Works of Art database. Interpol (website), October 21, 2025, www.interpol.int/en/ News-and-Events/News/2025/Louvre-Museum-theft-Stolen-jewels-added-to-INTERPOL-s-Stolen-Works-of-Art-database.
2026 Our Analysis Reports. Interpol (website), www.interpol.int/How-we-work/Criminal-intelligence-analysis/Our-analysis-reports, accessed May, 4, 2026.
Jenkins, Tiffany
2018 From Objects of Enlightenment to Objects of Apology: Why You Can’t Make Amends for the Past by Plundering the Present. Dethroning Historical Reputations: Universities, Museums, and the Commemoration of Benefactors (ed. Jill Pellew and Lawrence Goldman), University of London Press, London, UK.
Jones, Jonathan
2016 Dashing rogues? No, art thieves are boring goons. The Guardian, April 7, 2016, www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/ jonathanjonesblog /2016/ apr/07/art-theft-market-follows-the-money-edvard-munch-stolen-picture.
Kakar, Arun
2026 The global art market rebounded to $59.6 billion in 2025, Art Basel and UBS Report finds. Artsy, March 11, 2026, www.artsy.net/article/artsy-editorial-global-art-market-rebounded-596-billion-2025-art-basel-ubs-report-finds.
King, Thomas F.
2008 Cultural Resource Laws & Practice (Third Edition). Altamira Press, Lanham, MD.
Kuta, Sarah
2024 That Viral Banana Duct-Taped to a Wall? It Just Sold for $6.2 Million. Smithsonian Magazine, November 21, 2024, www.smithsonianmag.com/ smart-news/that-viral-banana-duct-taped-to-a-wall-it-just-sold-for-6-2-million-180985523/.
Leath, Mason
2025 Solid gold toilet named 'America' sells at auction for $12M. ABC News, November 19, 2025, abcnews.com/US/solid-gold-toilet-named-america-sells-auction-12m/story?id=127669474.
Merryman, John Henry
1985 Thinking about the Elgin Marbles. Michigan Law Review, Vol. 83, No. 8 (Aug., 1985), pp. 1980-1923.
Miles, Margaret M.
2008 Art as Plunder: The Ancient Origins of Debate about Cultural Property. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
National Gallery of Canada
2026 Provenance. National Gallery of Canada (website), www.gallery.ca/research/provenance (accessed March 22, 2026).
New York Times
1976 Picasso Theft Valued at $4.5 Million. The New York Times, February 2, 1976, https://www.nytimes.com/1976/02/02/archives/picasso-theft-valued-at-45-million.html.
O’Connor, Anne-Marie
2012 The Lady in Gold: The Extraordinary Tale of Gustav Klimt’s Masterpiece Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer. Vintage Books, New York, NY.
Oltermann, Philip
2013 The mysterious Munich recluse who hoarded €1bn of Nazis' stolen art. The Guardian, November 4, 2013, www.theguardian.com/world/2013/ nov/04/ nazi-art-hoard-munich-recluse-cornelius-gurlitt.
Paumgarten, Nick
2006 The $40-Million Elbow. The New Yorker, October 16, 2006, www.newyorker.com/magazine/2006/10/23/the-40-million-elbow.
Petropoulos, Jonathan
2021 Goring’s Man in Paris. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT.
Restrepo, Manuela Lopez
2025 UK court finds men who stole $6 million gold toilet guilty. NPR, March 20, 2025, www.npr.org/2025/03/20/g-s1-54909/golden-toilet-stolen-cattelan-6-million-convicted.
Reyhan, Patricia Youngblood
2001 A Chaotic Palette: Conflict of Laws in Litigation between Original Owners and Good-Faith Purchasers of Stolen Art. Duke Law Journal, Feb., 2001, Vol. 50, No. 4 (Feb., 2001), pp. 955-1043.
Roodt, Christa
2013 Restitution of Art and Cultural Objects and Its Limits. The Comparative and International Law Journal of Southern Africa, November 2013, Vol. 46, No. 3 (November 2013), pp. 286-307.
Schapiro, Rich and Ani Ucar
2026 A $58,000 sofa? Inside the mind-boggling crime spree of L.A.'s 'most tasteful' burglar. NBC News, April 3, 2026, www.nbcnews.com/ investigations/58000-sofa-mind-boggling-crime-spree-ls-tasteful-burglar-rcna254532.
Shoumatoff, Alex
2014 The Devil and the Art Dealer. Vanity Fair, March 19, 2014, www.vanityfair.com/news/2014/04/degenerate-art-cornelius-gurlitt-munich-apartment.
Spencer, Ronald D. and Gary D. Sesser
2013 Provenance: Important, Yes, But Often Incomplete and Often Enough, Wrong. Artnet, June 26, 2013, news.artnet.com/market/the-importance-of-provenance-in-determining-authenticity-29953.
UNESCO
2023 The illicit trafficking of cultural goods shall be recognized as a security issue. UNESCO (website), November 23, 2023, www.unesco.org/en/articles/ illicit-trafficking-cultural-goods-shall-be-recognized-security-issue.
Willingham, Leah
2026 Inside the world’s largest art heist when over $500M of paintings were stolen from a Boston museum. APNnews.com. April 26, 2026, apnews.com/article/isabella-stewart-gardner-museum-art-heist-boston-512da0322ce5c93c1bbafc7a5e228b2c.

Mar 3, 2026
Mar 3, 2026
1hr 22 min
Oh la la!! The Two Humans travel back to their own adolescence to investigate why people become obsessed with certain activities.
Episode 85: Is That a Baguette in Your Pocket or Are You Just a Happy Francophile?
An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans
Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human.
Website: http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542
IG: @introtoanthrowith2humans
Patreon: https://patreon.com/AnIntrotoAnthrowithTwoHumans
Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/@introtoanthrowith2humans
Merch: www.cafepress.com/shop/TheCaveShoppe/products?designId=13619501
Resources:
American Psychological Association
2002 Developing Adolescents: A Reference for Professionals. American Psychological Association, Washington, DC.
Amodeo, John
2018 Would You Like to Be More Interesting: Keys to Richer Connections. Psychology Today, June 4, 2018, www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/intimacy-a-path-toward-spirituality/201806/would-you-like-to-become-more-interesting.
Aristides
1997 Life and Letters: Anglophilia, American Style. The American Scholar, Summer 1997, Vol. 66, No. 3 (Summer 1997), pp. 327-334.
Basford, Steve
2024 Breaking Away: A Retrospective. Proving Press, Newark, OH.
Bauerlein, Monika
2015 Last of the Munichans. Mother Jones, July/August 2015, www.motherjones.com/ media/2015/07/europeans-dressed-as-native-americans-photos.
Brown, Laurence
2013 Lost in the Pond: Why Are There So Many American Anglophile? Anglotopia, October 14, 2013, anglotopia.net/anglophilia/lost-in-the-pond-why-are-there-so-many-american-anglophiles/.
Bucar, Liz
2022 Stealing My Religion: Not Just Any Cultural Appropriation. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
Burton, Antoinette
2003 When Was Britain? Nostalgia for the Nation at the End of the “American Century.” The Journal of Modern History, Vol. 75, No. 2 (June 2003), pp. 359-374.
Coffey, Simon
2010 Stories of Frenchness: Becoming a Francophile. Language and Intercultural Communication, Vol. 10, No. 2, May 2010, pp. 119-136.
Copeland, Libby
2021 Why Are We All So Obsessed with Genealogy. Literary Hub, June 11, 2021, lithub.com/we-are-we-all-so-obsessed-with-genealogy/.
Deloria, Philip J.
1998 Playing Indian. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT.
Dery, Mark
2013 England My England: Anglophilia Explained. Thought Catalog, Brooklyn, NY.
Dewey, Dan P.
2007 Language Learning During Study Abroad: What We Know and What We Have Yet to Learn. Japanese Language and Literature, Oct., 2007, Vol. 41, No. 2, Study Abroad for Advanced Skills (Oct., 2007), pp. 245-269.
Everett, Dion
2025 The French Dispatch and Francophilia in Film. The Cambridge Language Collective (website), www.thecambridgelanguagecollective.com/europe/the-french-dispatch-and-francophilia-in-film (accessed January 29, 2026).
Ferraro, Gary and Susan Andreatta
2012 Cultural Anthropology: An Applied Perspective. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, Belmont, CA.
Friedman, Harris
2009 Xenophilia as a Cultural Trap: Bridging the Gap Between Transpersonal Psychology and Religious/Spiritual Traditions. International Journal of Transpersonal Studies, Vol. 28, Issue 1, pp. 107-111, digitalcommons.ciis.edu/ijts-transpersonalstudies/vol28/iss1/10/.
Goldstein, Sam
2025 You Don’t Need to Be Interesting, Just Interested: Real connection starts with listening. Psychology Today, September 23, 2025, www.psychologytoday.com /us/ blog/raising-resilient-children/202509/you-dont-need-to-be-interesting-just-interested.
Graham, Laura R. and H. Glenn Penny
2015 Becoming ‘Indigenous’: German Fascination with North American Indians. Utne Reader, February 13, 2015, www.utne.com/community/north-american-indians-ze0z1502zhur/.
Hale, Matthew
2014 Cosplay: Intertextuality, Public Texts, and the Body Fantastic. Western Folklore, Winter 2014, Vol. 73, No. 1 (Winter 2014), pp. 5-37.
Hents, Nathan H.
2018 The Meaning and Meaninglessness of Genealogy. Psychology Today, January 29, 2018, www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/beastly-behavior/201801/the-meaning-and-meaninglessness-genealogy.
Jackson, Lauren Michele
2019 White Negroes: When Cornrows Were in Vogue…And Other Thoughts on Cultural Appropriation. Beacon Press Books, Boston, MA.
Joutard, Genevieve and Philippe Joutard
2006 De la francophilie en Amerique : Ces Americains qui aiment la France. Actes Sud, Arles, France.
Kale, Sirin
2020 The New Anglophilia: Why the US is Going Wild for English Accents and Culture. The Guardian, www.theguardian.com/uk-news/shortcuts/2020/feb/11/the-new-anglophilia-why-the-us-is-going-wild-for-english-accents-and-culture.
Kloppers, Mandy
2014 Forms of Escapism. MentalHealth.com, April 9, 2014, www.mentalhealth.com/ library/forms-of-escapism.
Kooy, Michael John
2000 Coleridge’s Francophobia. The Modern Language Review, Oct., 2000, Vol. 95, No. 4, (Oct., 2000), pp. 924-941.
Leo, Geoff, Roxanna Woloshyn, and Linda Guerriero
2023 Who is the real Buffy Sainte-Marie? CBC News, October 27, 2023, www.cbc.ca/newsinteractives/features/buffy-sainte-marie.
Longeway, John L.
1990 The Rationality of Escapism and Self-Deception. Behavior and Philosophy, Fall/Winter, 1990, Vol. 18, No. 2 (Fall/Winter 1990), pp. 1-20.
Lore of Life
2024 Understanding Ennui: Unravelling the Depths of Modern Discontent. Lore of Life, October 12, 2024, loreoflife.com/ennui/.
Mackelden, Amy
2022 Anna Delvey Is So Much More than a "Fake German Heiress." Harper’s Bazaar, February 7, 2022, www.harpersbazaar.com/culture/film-tv/a38994142/who-is-anna-delvey-sorokin-fake-german-heiress/.
McGreal, Chris
2015 Rachel Dolezal: ‘I wasn't identifying as black to upset people. I was being me.’ The Guardian, December 13, 2015, www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/dec/13/rachel-dolezal-i-wasnt-identifying-as-black-to-upset-people-i-was-being-me.
McGregor, Janice
2014 “Your Mind Says One Thing but Your Emotions Do Another”: Language, Emotion, and Developing Transculturality in Study Abroad. Die Unterrichtspraxis/Teaching German, Vol. 47, No. 2 (Fall 2014), pp. 109-120.
Morales, Jessica I.
2020 Two Types of Passion: Harmonious vs. Obsessive. Psychology Today, August 8, 2020, www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/building-the-habit-hero/202008/two-types-passion-harmonious-vs-obsessive.
Nati, Michelle
2015 8 People Who Pretended To Be A Different Race Or Ethnicity. Oddee, June 16, 2015, www.oddee.com/item_99357.aspx.
Pink, Matthew
2025 The Francophile Condition. The Good Life France (website), thegoodlifefrance.com/the-francophile-condition/, (accessed January 29, 2026).
Psychologs Entertainment
2024 The Psychology Behind Passion. Psychologs, January 5, 2024, www.psychologs.com/the-psychology-behind-passion/ ?srsltid =AfmBOoqXHdRIqaRYbWX0_WXvrxkODfem1xiyG7WzQr-ZoJbQklfN4ZP7.
Psychology Today
2025 Imposter Syndrome. Psychology Today.com (website), www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/imposter-syndrome, accessed February 2, 2026.
Queenan, Joe
2011 Why America’s Anglophiles Are Missing the Point of the Royal Wedding. Time, April 28, 2011, time.com/archive/6595657/why-americas-anglophiles-are-missing-the-point-of-the-royal-wedding/.
Rickman, Catherine
2021 5 of the Most Famous Francophiles in History. Frenchly, February 17, 2021, frenchly.us/5-of-the-most-famous-francophiles-in-history/.
Said, Edward W.
1978 Orientalism. Vintage Books, New York, New York.
Schumpe, Birga Mareen and Hans-Peter Erb
2015 Humans and Uniqueness. Science Progress (1933-), Vol. 8, No. 1 (2015), pp. 1-11.
Tuan, Yi-Fu
1998 Escapism. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD.
Vallerand, Robert J.
2010 On Passion for Life Activities: The Dualistic Model of Passion. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (ed. Mark Zanna), Vol. 42, Academic Press, San Diego, CA, pp. 97-193.

Jan 20, 2026
Jan 20, 2026
1hr 21 min
It’s time to high five and give each other some skin as The Two Humans celebrate those two work horses at the end of our arms—THE HANDS!
Episode 84: Give Your Hands a Hand: A Slow Clap for an Underappreciated Appendage.
An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans
Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human.
Website: http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542
IG: @introtoanthrowith2humans
Patreon: https://patreon.com/AnIntrotoAnthrowithTwoHumans
Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/@introtoanthrowith2humans
Merch: www.cafepress.com/shop/TheCaveShoppe/products?designId=13619501
Resources:
Alpenfels, Ethel J.
1955 The Anthropology and Social Significance of the Human Hand. Artificial Limbs, May 1, 1955, 2 (2), pp. 4-21.
Baccarini, Matteo and Angelo Maravita
2013 Beyond the Boundaries of the Hand: Plasticity of Body-Space Interactions Following Tool Use. The Hand: An Organ of the Mind (ed. Zdravko Radman). The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. 77-99.
Bell, Charles
1852 The Hand: Its Mechanism and Vital Endowments As Evincing Design. London, John Murray.
Bremner, Andrew J. and Dorothy Cowie
2013 Developmental Origins of the Hand in the Mind, and the Role of the Hand in the Development of the Mind. The Hand: An Organ of the Mind (ed. Zdravko Radman). The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. 27-55.
Bridgman, George B.
1920 The Book of a Hundred Hands. Dover Publications, Garden City, New York.
Britannica Editors
2021 Brachiation. Encyclopedia Britannica (website), December 20, 2021, www.britannica.com/science/brachiation.
Byrns, Arthur G.
1906 The Hand in Art. Brush and Pencil, Vol. 18, No. 3 (Sep., 1906), pp. 117-122.
Cahn, Laura
2024 14 Common Hand Gestures That Are Rude in Other Countries. Reader’s Digest, November 25, 2024, www.rd.com/article/common-hand-gestures-rude-in-other-countries/.
Cole, Jonathan
2013 “Capable of Whatever Man’s Ingenuity Suggests”: Agency, Deafferentation, and the Control of Movement. The Hand: An Organ of the Mind (ed. Zdravko Radman). The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. 3-25.
Cooperrider, Kensy
2020 Where Do Finger Names Come From? JSTOR Daily, January 1, 2020, daily.jstor.org/where-do-finger-names-come-from/.
Farmer, Harry and Manos Tsakiris
2013 Hand-Centered Space, Hand-Centered Attention, and the Control of Movement. The Hand: An Organ of the Mind (ed. Zdravko Radman). The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. 103-130.
Feder, Kenneth L. and Michael Alan Park
2007 Human Antiquity: An Introduction to Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (Fifth Edition). McGraw-Hill, New York, NY.
Given, Leila
1929 The Bacterial Significance of the Handshake. The American Journal of Nursing, Mar., 1929, Vol. 29, No. 3 (Mar., 1929), pp. 254-256.
Haviland, William A., Dana Walrath, Harold E. L. Prins, and Bunny McBride
2011 Evolution and Prehistory: The Human Challenge, Ninth Edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, Belmont, CA.
Helvetius, Claude Adrien
1810 De l’Esprit or, Essays on the Mind and Its Several Faculties (translated from the French). London: Albion Press.
Herz, Robert
2013 The Pre-Eminence of the Right Hand: A Study in Religious Polarity. HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory, Vol. 3, No. 2 (2013), pp. 335-357.
Holmes, Nicholas P.
2013 Hand-Centered Space, Hand-Centered Attention, and the Control of Movement. The Hand: An Organ of the Mind (ed. Zdravko Radman). The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. 57-76.
International Fund for Animal Welfare (IFAW)
2024 Animals with Opposable Thumbs. International Fund for Animal Welfare (IFAW) (website), September 18, 2024, www.ifaw.org/journal/animals-opposable-thumbs.
Isaac Newton.org
2026 Isaac Newton Quotes. Isaac Newton.org (website), www.isaacnewton.org/ quotes.jsp (accessed January 12, 2026).
Keller, Helen
2023 The Story of My Life. Global Publishers, Glendale, WI.
Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
2010 Oldest evidence of human stone tool use and meat-eating found. Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology (website), August 12, 2010.
Morrison, Terri and Wayne A. Conaway
1995 Kiss, Bow, or Shake Hands (2nd Edition). Adams Media, Stoughton, MA.
Napier, John (Revised by Russell H. Tuttle)
1980 Hands. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
Prinz, Jesse J.
2013 Foreword: Hand Manifesto. The Hand: An Organ of the Mind (ed. Zdravko Radman). The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. ix-xvii.
Radman, Zdravko
2013 Beforehand. The Hand: An Organ of the Mind (ed. Zdravko Radman). The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. xix-xxii.
Ratcliffe, Matthew
2013 Touch and the Sense of Reality. The Hand: An Organ of the Mind (ed. Zdravko Radman). The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. 131-157.
Read, Alice
2024 Why are hands so difficult to draw? Using the failures of AI to understand. Art UK, July 8, 2024, artuk.org/discover/stories/why-are-hands-so-difficult-to-draw-using-the-failures-of-ai-to-understand.
Roberts, Alice
2018 Evolution: The Human Story, Second Edition. Dorling Kindersley, New York, NY.
Rolian, Campbell, Daniel E. Lieberman, and Benedikt Hallgrimsson
2010 The Coevolution of Human Hands and Feet. Evolution, June 2010, Vol. 64, No. 6 (June 2010), pp. 1558-1568.
Siede, Carolyn
2017 Here’s Why Cartoon Characters Only Have 4 Fingers. A.V. Club, March 29, 2017, www.avclub.com/here-s-why-cartoon-characters-only-have-4-fingers-1798259730.
TCT: Top China Travel
2025 Chinese Etiquette: Fist and Palm Salute. TCT: Top China Travel (website), www.topchinatravel.com/china-guide/chinese-etiquette-fist-and-palm-salute.htm, accessed December 22, 2025.
Tyler, Adrienne
2022 Why So Many Cartoon Characters Only Have 4 Fingers. Screen Rant, January 1, 2022, screenrant.com/cartoon-characters-four-fingers-hands-animation-reason/.
Webster, Richard
2024 Palm Reading for Beginners. Llewellyn Publications, Woodbury, Minnesota.
Wilson, Frank
1998 The Hand: How Its Use Shapes the Brain, Language, and Human Culture. Vintage Books, New York, NY.

Dec 9, 2025
Dec 9, 2025
1hr 27 min
You WILL listen to this episode. You WILL enjoy it. The Two Humans discuss Stanley Milgram’s obedience experiment and Philip Zimbardo’s Stanford Prison Experiment.
Episode 83: Obedience and Authority: From Shock the Monkey to Jailhouse Rock
An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans
Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human.
http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com
https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542
IG @introtoanthrowith2humans
Merch: www.cafepress.com/shop/TheCaveShoppe/products?designId=136195011
Resources:
Caspar, Emilie A.
2024 Just Following Orders: Atrocities and the Brain Science of Obedience. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
De Vos, Jan
2011 Depsychologizing Torture. Critical Inquiry, Vol. 37, No. 2 (Winter 2011), pp. 286-314.
Eckman, Bruce K.
1977 Research: Stanley Milgram’s “Obedience” Studies. ETC: A Review of General Semantics, March 1977, Vol. 34, No. 1 (March 1977), pp. 88-99.
Goldhagen, Daniel Jonah
1996 Hitler’s Willing Executioners: Ordinary Germans and the Holocaust. Vintage Books, New York, NY.
Hale, Rebecca
2020 ‘They Were Just Following Orders’: Relationships between Milgram’s Obedience Experiments and Conceptions of Holocaust Perpetration. Holocaust Education: Contemporary Challenges and Controversies (ed. Stuart Foster, Andy Pearce, and Alice Pettigrew. UCL Press, London, UK.
Harvard University Department of Psychology
2025 Stanley Milgram (1933-1984). Harvard University (website), psychology.fas.harvard.edu/people/stanley-milgram, (accessed November 30, 2025).
Helm, Charles and Mario Morelli
1979 Stanley Milgram and the Obedience Experiment: Authority, Legitimacy, and Human Action. Political Theory, Aug., 1979, No. 3 (Aug., 1979), pp. 321-345.
Krueger, Joachim I.
2008 Review: Lucifer’s Last Laugh: The Devil Is in the Details. Reviewed Work(s): The Lucifer Effect: Understanding How Good People Turn Evil by Philip Zimbardo. The American Journal of Psychology, Summer, 2008, Vol. 121, No. 2 (Summer, 2008), pp. 335-341.
Le Texier, Thibault
2024 Investigating the Stanford Prison Experiment: History of a Lie. Springer, Cham, Switzerland.
Levine, Robert
2007 Review: The Evil That Men Do. American Scientist, September-October 2007, Vol. 95, No. 5 (September-October 2007), pp. 440-442.
Milgrim, Stanley
1974 Obedience to Authority. Harper Perennial Modern Thought, New York, NY.
1974 The Dilemma of Obedience. The Phi Delta Kappan, May, 1974, Vol. 55, No. 9 (May, 1974), pp. 603-606.
Stannard, Matthew B.
2002 BBC’s ‘Reality’ Show May Be Cruel and Unusual Television/Program Based on Stanford Prison Experiment. SFGate.com, January 28, 2002, www.sfgate.com/ news/article/BBC-s-reality-show-may-be-cruel-and-unusual-2879491.php.
Stevens, Francis L., Robin A. Hurley, and Katherine H. Taber
2011 Anterior Cingulate Cortex: Unique Role in Cognition and Emotion. The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, Volume 23, Number 2, Spring 2011, pp. 120-125.
Stigler, Kimberly A. and Christopher J. McDougle
2013 Structural and Functional MRI Studies of Autism Spectrum Disorder. The Neuroscience of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ed. Joseph D. Buxbaum and Patrick R. Hof). Academic Press, Oxford, UK, pp. 251-266.
Travers, Jeffrey and Stanley Milgram
1969 An Experimental Study of the Small World Problem. Sociometry, Vol 32, No. 4 (Dec., 1969), pp.425-443.
Zimbardo, Philip
2008 The Lucifer Effect: Understanding How Good People Turn Evil. Random House Trade Paperbacks, New York, NY.
Zurcher, Anthony
2025 Fallout from ‘illegal orders’ video escalates battle with Democrats over US patriotism. BBC, November 26, 2025, www.bbc.com/news/articles/cq8dqq ddpe8o.

Oct 27, 2025
Oct 27, 2025
1hr 30 min
A shrieking outside your window. A fluttering at the corner of your eye. In this year’s Halloween episode, The Two Humans investigate the frightening history of FAIRIES.
Episode 82: For Fear of Little Men: Fairies, Pixies, and Other Assorted Wee Folk
An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans
Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human.
http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com
https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542
IG @introtoanthrowith2humans
Merch: www.cafepress.com/shop/TheCaveShoppe/products?designId=136195011
Resources:
Allingham, William
2025 The Fairies. Scottish Poetry Library (website), www.scottishpoetrylibrary.org.uk/poem / fairies/, accessed October 19, 2025.
Briggs, K. M.
1957 The English Fairies. Folklore, Mar., 1957, Vol. 68, No. 1 (Mar., 1957), pp. 270-287.
Christiansen, Reidar Th.
1973 Some Notes on the Fairies and the Fairy Faith. Bealoideas, 1971-1973, Im. 39/41 (1971 – 1973), pp. 95-111.
Chua, Eu Jin
2025 Disenchantment. Encyclopaedia Britannica, www.britannica.com/topic/ disenchantment-sociology (accessed October 26, 2025).
Daimler, Morgan
2024 The Victorians, the Theosophists and the Cottingley Fairies: The Reshaping of Modern Fairy Belief. The Cottingley Fairy Photographs: New Approaches to Fairies, Fakes and Folklore (ed. Simon Young). Pwca Books and Pamphlets, Coppell, TX., pp. 182-195.
Dearnley, Elizabeth
2021 Introduction. Fearsome Fairies: Haunting Tales of the Fae (ed. Elizabeth Dearnley). The British Library, London, UK, pp. 7-17.
Dickson, Meri
2024 Fairy Fraud: The Socio-Cultural Impact of the Cottingley Fairy Photographs. The Cottingley Fairy Photographs: New Approaches to Fairies, Fakes and Folklore (ed. Simon Young). Pwca Books and Pamphlets, Coppell, TX., pp. 251-266.
Doyle, Arthur Conan
1922 The Coming of the Fairies: The Cottingley Incident. Hodder & Stoughton, London, UK.
Eberly, Susan Schoon
1988 Fairies and the Folklore of Disability: Changelings, Hybrids and the Solitary Fairy. Folklore, 1988, Vol. 99, No. 1 (1988), pp. 58-77.
Elfschool
2025 The Elfschool. The Elfschool (website), theelfschool.com (accessed October 26, 2025).
Fae Magazine
2025 Fairy Festivals 2025. Fae Magazine (website), www.faemagazine.com/summer-fairy-festivals-2025/ (accessed October 26, 2025).
Frimmer, Steven
1976 Neverland: Fabled Places and Fabulous Voyages of History and Legend. The Viking Press, New York, NY.
Inuma, Kaori
2024 Edward Gardner’s Theosophical Storyworld. The Cottingley Fairy Photographs: New Approaches to Fairies, Fakes and Folklore (ed. Simon Young). Pwca Books and Pamphlets, Coppell, TX., pp. 159-181.
Jenkins, Richard
2000 Disenchantment, Enchantment and Re-Enchantment: Max Weber at the Millennium. Max Weber Studies, November 2000, Vol. 1, No. 1 (November 2000), pp. 11-32.
Kay, Karen
2024 Fairy Whispering: 111 Magical Practices for Connecting with the Fairies. Hay House, London, UK.
Kelly, Dan
2022 Kansas City’s Fairyland Park Conjures Fond Memories—and the Shadow of Racism. The Kansas City Star, July 22, 2022.
Knight, Sirona
2005 The Complete Idiot’s Guide to Elves and Fairies. Alpha Books, New York, NY.
Maher, F. R.
2021 Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and the Secret of the Cottingley Fairies. F. R. Maher, Coppell, TX.
Purkiss, Diane
2000 Fairies and Fairy Stories: A History. Tempus, Stroud, UK.
Rose, Carol
1996 Spirits, Fairies, Gnomes, and Goblins: An Encyclopedia of the Little People. ABC-CLIO, Santa Barbara, CA.
Salinas, Andres Felipe Barrero
2023 Max Weber on Disenchantment: Is Religion Obsolete? The Collector, May 31, 2023, www.thecollector.com/max-weber-disenchantment-world-religion/.
Silver, Carole
1986 On the Origin of Fairies: Victorians, Romantics, and Folk Belief. Browning Institute Studies, 1986, Vol. 14, The Victorian Threshold (1986), pp. 141-156.
Slimane
2023 Land of Fairies: Queer New York at the Beginning of the 20th Century. Medium, June 4, 2023, medium.com/@TVRPGhistory/land-of-fairies-f5ff18184934 .
Young, Simon
2013 A History of the Fairy Investigation Society, 1927-1960. Folklore, August 2013, Vol. 124, No. 2 (August 2013), pp. 139-156.
2024 The Cottingley Fairy Photographs: An Introduction. The Cottingley Fairy Photographs: New Approaches to Fairies, Fakes and Folklore (ed. Simon Young). Pwca Books and Pamphlets, Coppell, TX, pp. 7-12.
Zipes, Jack
2000 Introduction. The Oxford Companion to Fairy Tales (ed. Jack Zipes). Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, pp. xv-xxxii.

Oct 2, 2025
Oct 2, 2025
1hr 16 min
In this episode, The Two Humans get even with an in-depth discussion of REVENGE!
Episode 81: REVENGE! Make Mine Cold and Sweet, Please.
An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans
Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human.
http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com
https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542
IG @introtoanthrowith2humans
Merch: www.cafepress.com/shop/TheCaveShoppe/products?designId=136195011
Resources:
AZ Quotes
2025 John Milton Quotes about Revenge. AZ Quotes (website), accessed September 24, 2025, www.azquotes.com/author/10164-John_Milton/tag/revenge.
Barash, David P. and Judith Eve Lipton
2011 Payback: Why We Retaliate, Redirect Aggression, and Take Revenge. Oxford University Press, Inc., New York, NY.
BookBrowse
2025 Revenge is a dish best served cold. BookBrowse (website), accessed September 24, 2025, www.bookbrowse.com/expressions/detail/index.cfm/expression_ number/703/revenge-is-a-dish-best-served-cold.
De Quervain, Dominique J-F., Urs Fischbacher, Valerie Treyer, Melanie Schellhammer, Ulrich Schnyder, Alfred Buck, and Ernst Fehr
2004 The Neural Basis of Altruistic Punishment. Science, Vol. 305, August 27, 2004.
Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
2025 Talion. Encyclopaedia Britannica, accessed September 22, 2025, www.britannica.com/topic/talion.
Elster, Jon
1992 Norms of Revenge. Ethics and Personality: Essays in Moral Psychology (ed. John Deigh), University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL.
Jacoby, Susan
1983 Wild Justice: The Evolution of Revenge. Harper Colophon Books, New York, NY.
Jaffe, Eric
2011 The Complicated Psychology of Revenge. Association for Psychological Research (website), October 4, 2011, www.psychologicalscience.org/observer/ the-complicated-psychology-of-revenge.
Kimmel, Jr., James
2025 The Science of Revenge: Understanding the World’s Deadliest Addition—and How to Overcome It. Harmony Books, New York, NY.
McCullough, Michael E.
2008 Beyond Revenge: The Evolution of the Forgiveness Instinct. Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, CA.
Murphy, Jeffrie G.
2003 Getting Even: Forgiveness and Its Limits. Oxford University Press, New York, NY.
Rohland, Lindsay
2022 Eye-for-an-Eye (Talion). EBSCO Knowledge Advantage, accessed September 22, 2025, www.ebsco.com/research-starters/history/eye-eye-talion#full-article.
Rosenbaum, Thane
2013 Payback: The Case for Revenge. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL.

Aug 30, 2025
Aug 30, 2025
1hr 31 min
To celebrate their 80th episode, The Two Humans get a belly full of corn (and we’re not talkin’ about moonshine)!
Episode 80: Gettin’ Corny! The Amazing History of Maize.
An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans
Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human.
http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com
https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542
IG @introtoanthrowith2humans
Merch: www.cafepress.com/shop/TheCaveShoppe/products?designId=136195011
Resources:
Bailey, Flora L.
1940 Navaho Foods and Cooking Methods. American Anthropologist, Vol. 42(2), pp. 270-290.
Biography
2019 Orville Redenbacher. Biography, April 16, 2019, www.biography.com/business-leaders/orville-redenbacher.
Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell
1942 Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture. The University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.
Christensen, Clyde M. and Henry H. Kaufman
1969 Grain Storage: The Role of Fungi in Quality Loss. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, MN.
Cleveland Clinic
2025 Pellagra. Cleveland Clinic [website], my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/ 23905-pellagra.
Cordell, Linda S., H. Wolcott Toll, Mollie S. Toll, and Thomas C. Windes
2008 Archaeological Corn from Pueblo Bonito, Chaco Canyon, New Mexico: Dates, Contexts, Sources. American Antiquity 73(3), pp. 491–511.
Czerwony, Beth
2021 Why Can You See Corn in Your Poop? Cleveland Clinic (website), June 24, 2021, health.clevelandclinic.org/why-can-you-see-corn-in-poop.
Dappen, Nathan and Neil Losin (Directors)
2015 Popped Secret: The Mysterious Origin of Corn [Video]. HHMI Biointeractive, www.biointeractive.org/classroom-resources/popped-secret-mysterious-origin-corn.
Davidson, Alan
2002 The Penguin Companion to Food. Penguin Books, London, UK.
Devor, E. J. and Linda S. Cordell
1981 Neural-Tube Defects in a Pre-Historic South-Western Indian Population. Annals of Human Biology, 8(1), pp. 65–75.
Dickerson, George
1992 A Small-Scale Agriculture Alternative: Specialty Corns. United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, June 1992.
Fine Dining Lovers Editorial Staff
2023 What Huitlacoche Is and How to Eat It. Fine Dining Lovers (website), March 31, 2023, www.finedininglovers.com/explore/articles/what-huitlacoche-and-how-eat-it.
Fussell, Betty
1992 The Story of Corn. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, NM.
Galinat, Walton C.
1988 The Origin of Corn. Corn and Corn Improvement, Third Edition (ed. G. F. Sprague and J. W. Dudley, American Society of Agronomy, Inc., Madison, WI, pp. 1-31.
Huff, Leah Alexandra
2006 Sacred Sustenance: Maize, Storytelling, and a Maya Sense of Place. Journal of Latin American Geography, 2006, Vol. 5, No. 1 (2006), pp. 79-96.
Hussein, Hussein S. and Jeffrey M. Brasel
2001 Toxicity, Metabolism, and Impact of Mycotoxins on Humans and Animals. Toxicology, Vol. 167, pp. 101–134.
Juárez-Montiel, Margarita, Sandra Ruiloba de León, Griselda Chávez-Camarillo, César
Hernández-Rodríguez, and Lourdes Villa-Tanaca
2011 Huitlacoche (Corn Smut), Caused by the Phytopathogenic Fungus Usilago maydis, as a Functional Food. Revista Iberoamericana de Micología, Vol. 28(2), pp. 69–73.
Kavena, Juanita Tiger
1980 Hopi Cookery. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson.
Keoke, Emory Dean and Kay Marie Porterfield
2003 Encyclopedia of American Indian Contributions to the World. Checkmark Books, New York.
King, Frances B. and Bonnie W. Styles
1978 2000 Years of Corn in the “Corn Belt.” Central States Archaeological Journal, Vol. 25, No. 4 (OCTOBER, 1978), pp. 180-184.
Kleinman, Evan
2022 Teosinte: Corn’s Wild Unruly Ancestor Had a Spiritual Significance. Good Food (podcast), KCRW, December 30, 2022, www.kcrw.com/culture/shows/good-food/masa-corn-history-science-politics-reair/teosinte-corn-ancestors-spiritual-history.
Licht, Mark and Zachary Clemens
2021 The Birds and Bees of Corn Pollination. Integrated Crop Management, Iowa State University, Extension and Outreach (website), July 19, 2021, https://crops.extension.iastate.edu/post/ birds-and-bees-corn-pollination.
Marasas, W. F. O.
1996 Fumonisins: History, World-Wide Occurrence and Impact. In Fumonisins in Food (ed. Lauren S. Jackson, Jonathan W. Devries, and Lloyd B. Bullerman). Plenum Press, New York, pp. 1-17.
McCray, John
2013 Mycotoxins, Maize, and Site Abandonment in the American Southwest [Master’s Thesis]. New Mexico Highlands University, Las Vegas, NM.
Peraica, M., B. Radic, A. Lucic, and M. Pavlovic.
1999 Toxic Effects of Mycotoxins in Humans. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, Vol. 77(9), pp. 754–766.
Radford, Benjamin
2013 Why Can’t Humans Eat Grass? Live Science, January 28, 2013, www.livescience.com/32435-why-cant-humans-eat-grass.html.
Rice, Ellie
2018 Popped Secret: The Mysterious Origin of Corn (Film Guide). HHMI Biointeractive (website), January 2018, www.biointeractive.org/sites/ default/files/ PoppedSecret-Educator-film.pdf.
Robbins, Wilfred William, John Peabody Harrington, and Barbara Freire-Marreco
1916 Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians (Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin 55. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC.
Smith, Leah
2025 Corn Pollination: The Nerdy Gardener's Complete Guide. Sow True Seed (website), accessed June 24, 2025, sowtrueseed.com/blogs/ gardening/corn-pollination-the-nerdy-gardeners-complete-guide.
Snow, David H.
1990 Tener Comal y Metate: Protohistoric Rio Grande Maize Use and Diet (ed. Paul E. Minnis and Charles L. Redman). Perspectives on Southwest Prehistory, Westview Press, Inc., Boulder, CO, pp. 289-300.
USDA National Agricultural Library
2025 Early History. USDA National Agricultural Library (website), www.nal.usda.gov/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/popcorn/early-history, accessed August 29, 2025.
2025 Popcorn Explosion. USDA National Agricultural Library (website), www.nal.usda.gov/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/popcorn/popcorn-explosion, accessed August 21, 2025.
Weatherwax, Paul
1918 The Evolution of Maize. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, Vol. 45, No. 8 (Aug., 1918), pp. 309-342.
1954 Indian Corn in Old America. The MacMillan Company, New York, NY.
Wetterstrom, Wilma
1986 Food, Diet, and Population at Prehistoric Arroyo Hondo Pueblo, New Mexico. School of American Research Press, Santa Fe.

Jul 24, 2025
Jul 24, 2025
1hr 15 min
In this episode, The Two Humans discuss COLORS and what happens when “our brains and the universe meet.” Oh, wow, man; like, far out!!
Episode 79: Well, Sex Me Up and Color Me Bad!! A Kaleidoscopic Look at Colors
An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans
Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human.
http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com
https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542
IG @introtoanthrowith2humans
Merch: www.cafepress.com/shop/TheCaveShoppe/products?designId=136195011
Resources:
Brusatin, Manlio
1991 A History of Colors. Shambhala, Boston, MA.
Cleveland Clinic
2025 Synesthesia. Cleveland Clinic (website), accessed June 9, 2025, my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/24995-synesthesia.
D’Andrade, R. and M. Egan
1974 The Colors of Emotion. American Ethnologist, Feb., 1974, Vol. 1, No. 1 (Feb., 1974), pp. 49-63.
Deak, Megan
2024 Why Were Roman Citizens Punished for Wearing Purple? WorldAtlas.com (website), February 16, 2024, www.worldatlas.com/ancient-world/why-were-roman-citizens-punished-for-wearing-purple.html.
Deutscher, Guy
2010 Through the Language Glass: Why the World Looks Different in Other Languages. Picador, New York, NY.
Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
2025 Kaleidoscope: Optical Device. Encyclopaedia Britannica (website), accessed July 11, 2025, www.britannica.com/technology/kaleidoscope.
Eriksen Translations
2025 How Translating Colors Across Cultures Can Help You Make a Positive Impact. Eriksen Translations (website), February 3, 2020, eriksen.com/marketing/ color_culture/.
Finlay, Victoria
2002 Color: A Natural History of the Palette. Random House Trade Paperbacks, New York, NY.
Fox, James
2021 The World According to Color: A Cultural History. Penguin Books, London, UK.
Girard, Jeremy
2019 Visual Color Symbolism Chart by Culture. ThoughtCo, September 25, 2019, www.thoughtco.com/visual-color-symbolism-chart-by-culture-4062177.
Gloye, Eugene E.
1957 Why Are There Primary Colors? The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Critism, Sep., 1957, Vol. 16, No. 1 (Sep., 1957), pp. 128-131.
Gregonis, Linda M. and Victoria R. Evans
2025 The Hohokam and Their World: An Exploration of Art and Iconography. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ.
Haviland, William A., Dana Walrath, Harold E. L. Prins, and Bunny McBride
2011 Evolution and Prehistory: The Human Challenge, Ninth Edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, Belmont, CA.
Jones, Nicola
2022 Over the Rainbow: How Culture Shapes Color. Atmos (website), November 1, 2022, atmos.earth/over-the-rainbow-color-perception-science/.
Jones, Tim
2010 Unweaving the Rainbow. Communicate Science (website), February 28, 2010, communicatescience.com/zoonomian/2010/02/28/unweaving-the-rainbow/.
Josserand, Mathilde, Emma Meeussen, Asifa Majid, and Dan Dediu
2021 Environment and Culture Shape Both the Colour Lexicon and the Genetics of Colour Perception. Nature.com, September 27, 2021, www.nature.com/ articles/ s41598-021-98550-3.
Kareklas, Ioannis, Frederic F. Brunel, and Robin A. Coulter
2014 Judgment Is Not Color Blind. Journal of Consumer Psychology, Vol. 24, No. 1 (January 2014), pp. 87-95.
Kean, Sam
2022 Could Claude Monet See Like a Bee? Distillations Magazine, January 11, 2022, www.sciencehistory.org/stories/magazine/could-claude-monet-see-like-a-bee/.
Keats, John
2025 Lamia. Part II. Poeticous (website), www.poeticous.com/keats/lamia-part-ii, accessed July 14, 2025.
Kottak, Conrad Phillip
2011 Cultural Anthropology: Appreciating Cultural Diversity, Fourteenth Addition. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY.
Madden, Thomas J., Kelly Hewett, and Martin S. Roth
2000 Managing Images in Different Cultures: A Cross-National Study of Color Meanings and Preferences. Journal of International Marketing, 2000, Vol. 8, No. 4 (2000), pp. 90-107.
Meyers, Harriet
2021 Can Dogs See Color? American Kennel Club (website), December 7, 2021, www.akc.org/expert-advice/health/can-dogs-see-color/.
Nostalgia Central
2025 X-Ray Specs. Nostalgia Central (website), nostalgiacentral.com/pop-culture/fads/x-ray-specs/, accessed July 12, 2025.
Psychology Today
2025 Synesthesia. Psychology Today (website), accessed June 9, 2025 www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/synesthesia.
Qiblawi, Adnan
2024 Art Bites: Could Monet See into the Ultraviolet Spectrum. ArtNet, September 18, 2024, news.artnet.com/art-world/art-bites-could-monet-see-into-the-ultraviolet-spectrum-2538474.
Robinson, Jefferson
2022 Colour Semiotics and What They Mean in Other Cultures. Buzzword (website), February 27, 2022, buzzwordcreative.co.uk/colour-semiotics-and-what-they-mean-in-other-cultures/.
Shech, Elay and Michaeol Watkins
2025 Colors are objective, according to two philosophers—even though the blue you see doesn’t match what I see. The Conversation, April 25, 2025, theconversation.com/colors-are-objective-according-to-two-philosophers-even-though-the-blue-you-see-doesnt-match-what-i-see-234467.
SmarterTravel
2016 What Colors Mean in Other Cultures. HuffPost.com, January 26, 2016, www.huffpost.com/entry/what-colors-mean-in-other_b_9078674.
St. Clair, Kassia
2016 The Secret Lives of Color. Penguin Books, New York, NY.
Wikipedia.org
2025 I Wanna Sex You Up. Wikipedia.org (website), accessed July 11, 2025, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Wanna_Sex_You_Up.

Jul 7, 2025
Jul 7, 2025
1hr 29 min
Pronouns are little words that cause big problems. In this episode, The Two Humans discuss the quest for a non-gendered, third-person, personal pronoun.
Episode 78: BYOP (Bring Your Own Pronoun): The Profound Power of Personal Pronouns.
An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans
Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human.
http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com
https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542
IG @introtoanthrowith2humans
Merch: www.cafepress.com/shop/TheCaveShoppe/products?designId=136195011
Resources:
Anderson, James
1792 Grammatical Disquisitions. The Bee or Literary Weekly Intelligencer, Volume Eleventh, James Anderson, Edinburgh, Scotland, pp. 120-130.
Baron, Dennis
2020 What’s Your Pronoun? Beyond He & She. Liveright Publishing Corporation, New York, NY.
Behrens, Susan J.
2014 English Pronouns Revealed. Research and Teaching in Developmental Education, Spring 2014, Vol. 30, No. 2, (Spring 2014), pp. 91-95.
Blake, Frank R.
1934 The Origin of Pronouns of the First and Second Person. The American Journal of Philology, Vol. 55, No. 3 (1934), pp. 244-248.
Bullock, Barbara
2001 On the Use of ils for elles: Gender Syncretism in the History of French. The French Review, Mar., 2001, Vol. 74, No. 4 (Mar., 2001), pp. 700-709
Curzan, Anne
1996 Third Person Pronouns in the ‘Peterborough Chronicle.’ Neuphilologische Mitteilungen, 1996, Vol. 97, No. 3 (1996), pp. 301-314.
Fleming, Grace
2018 Dangling Participle: Explanation and Examples. ThoughtCo.com, December 22, 2018, www.thoughtco.com/what-is-a-dangling-participle-1857150.
Flom, George T.
1908 Contributions to the History of English. I: The Origin of the Pronoun “She.” The Journal of English and Germanic Philology, Apr., 1908, Vol. 7, No. 2 (Apr., 1908), pp. 115-125.
Foertsch, Julie and Morton Ann Gernsbacher
1997 In Search of Gender Neutrality: Is Singular “They” a Cognitively Efficient Substitute for Generic “He”? Psychological Science, Mar., 1997, Vol. 8, No. 2 (mar., 1997), pp. 106-111.
Grammarly.com
2024 What Are Split Infinitives? Meaning and Examples. Grammarly.com, January 18, 2024, www.grammarly.com/blog/grammar/split-infinitives/.
Hogan, Pat, Gayle Roberts and Farren Gillaspie
2017 Why Does Language Matter? Counterpoints, 2017, Vol. 485, Basically Queer: An Intergeneration Introduction to LGBTQA2S+ Lives (2017), pp. 8-17.
Hope, Jonathan
1993 Second Person Singular Pronouns in Records of Early Modern ‘Spoken’ English. Neuphilologische Mitteilungen, 1993, Vol. 94, No. 1 (1993), pp. 83-100.
HRC Foundation
2025 Glossary of Terms. Human Rights Campaign (website), accessed May 26, 2025, www.hrc.org/resources/glossary-of-terms.
Kottak, Conrad Phillip
2011 Cultural Anthropology: Appreciating Cultural Diversity, Fourteenth Addition. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY.
Lakoff, Robin Tolmach
1975 Language and Woman’s Place in Language and Woman’s Place: Text and Commentaries (ed. by Mary Bucholz), 2004, Oxford University Books, Oxford, UK.
1990 Talking Power: The Politics of Language. Basic Books, New York, NY.
Livia, Anna
2001 Pronoun Envy: Literary Uses of Linguistic Gender. Oxford University Press, New York, NY.
MacNamara, Jessica, Sarah Glann and Paul Durlak
2017 Experiencing Misgendered Pronouns: A Classroom Activity to Encourage Empathy. Teaching Sociology, JULY 2017, Vol. 45, No. 3 (JULY 2017), pp. 269-278.
Martyna, Wendy
1980 Beyond the “He/Man” Approach: The Case for Nonsexist Language. Signs, Spring, 1980, Vol. 5, No. 3 (Spring, 1980), pp. 482-493.
McWhorter, John
2025 Pronoun Trouble: The Story of Us in Sevel Little Words. Avery, New York, NY.
Pennebaker, James W.
2011 The Secret Life of Pronouns: What Our Words Say about Us. Bloomsbury Publishing, New York, NY.
Schilt, Kristen and Laurel Westbrook
2015 Bathroom Battlegrounds and Penis Panics. Contexts, SUMMER 2015, Vol. 11, No. 3, Moving through Time and Space (SUMMER 2015), pp. 26-31.
Scribendi.com
2025 Where Did the Oxford Comma Come From, and Why Is It So Important?. Scribendi.com (website), accessed July 5, 2025, www.scribendi.com/academy/ articles/oxford_comma_importance.en.html.
Shakespeare, William
2025 Act 3, Scene 1 from Romeo and Juliet. The Folger Shakespeare Library (website), accessed June 11, 2025, www.folger.edu/explore/shakespeares-works/romeo-and-juliet/read/3/1/.
2025 Speech: O Romeo, Romeo, wherefore art thou Romeo. Poetry Foundation (website), accessed June 11, 2025, www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/56974/ speech-o-romeo-romeo-wherefore-art-thou-romeo.
Simpson, Paul and Andrea Mayr
2010 Language and Power: A Resource Book for Students. Routledge, Abingdon, UK.
Stock, Braxton Phoenix
2023 Understanding Gender Identity. Braxton Phoenix Stock, Coppell, TX.
Svartengren, T. Hilding
1927 The Feminine Gender for Inanimate Things in Anglo-American. American Speech, Dec., 1927, Vol. 3, No. 2 (Dec., 1927), pp. 83-113.
Swick, Ed
2011 English Pronouns and Prepositions (Second Edition). McGraw-Hill, New York, NY.
Vocabulary.com
2025 “Dangling Participle.” Vocabulary.com Dictionary (website), accessed June 10, 2025, https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/dangling participle.
Yorkston, Eric and Gustavo E. De Mello
2005 Linguistic Gender Marking and Categorization. Journal of Consumer Research, Vol. 32, No. 2, (September 2005), pp. 224-234.

Jun 2, 2025
Jun 2, 2025
1hr 19 min
The Two Humans go searching for the Iron Age and discover the ancestor of reality television instead.
Episode 77: Iron Age House: “Living in the Past” and the Evolution of Reality TV
An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans
Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human.
http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com
https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542
IG @introtoanthrowith2humans
Merch: www.cafepress.com/shop/TheCaveShoppe/products?designId=136195011
Resources:
Anderson, Jay
1982 Living History: Simulating Everyday Life in Living Museums. American Quarterly, Vol. 34, No. 3 (1982), pp. 290-306.
BFI Screenonline
2025 Living in the Past (1978). BFI Screenonline (website), accessed May 31, 2025, screenonline.org.uk/tv/id/583427/.
Current Archaeology
2025 Building the Past: Reconstructing a Late Neolithic House from Wyke Down. Current Archaeology, April 28, 2025, Issue 423, the-past.com/feature/building-the-past-reconstructing-a-late-neolithic-house-from-wyke-down/#.
Dolan, Brian
2016 Making Iron in the Irish Midlands: The Social and Symbolic Role of Iron Age Ironworkers. The Journal of Irish Archaeology, Vol. 25 (2016), pp. 31-48.
Dowling, Tim
2015 10,000 BC Review: ‘It might make you wish you lived in a time before television.’ The Guardian, February 3, 2015, www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2015/feb/03/10000-bc-review-channel-5-reality-series#:~:text=It.
Firstbrook, Peter
2001 Surviving the Iron Age. BBC Worldwide Ltd, London, UK.
Greene, Kevin and Tom Moore
2010 Archaeology: An Introduction (Fifth Edition). Routledge, London, UK.
Hodder, Ian
2001 Introduction: A Revival of Contemporary Theoretical Debates in Archaeology. Archaeological Theory Today (ed. Ian Hodder), pp. 1-13.Jodelka, Filipa
2015 10,000 BC: ‘They’d face disaster in their modern lives, never mind the prehistoric ones. The Guardian, February 7, 2015, www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2015/feb/02/10000-bc-reality-show-preview.
Llawerch, Will
2022 The Little Book of Iron Age Skills. Endeavour Productions Canada, Coppell, TX.
McCarthy, Patrick
2014 “Living History” As the “Real Thing”: A Comparative Analysis of the Modern Mountain Man Rendezvous, Renaissance Fairs, and Civil War Reenactments. ETC: A Review of General Semantics, April 2014, Vol. 71, No. 2 (April 2014), pp. 106-123.
Nussbaum, Emily
2024 Cue the Sun: The Invention of Reality TV. Random House, New York, NY.
Percival, John
1980 Living in the Past: A Journey Back to the Iron Age. British Broadcasting Corporation, London, UK.
Peterson, David
1988 IN MY OPINION: There Is No Living History, There Are No Time Machines. History News, September/October 1988, Vol. 43, No. 5 (September/October 1988), pp. 28-30.
Poole, Michael (Executive Producer)
2007 What Happened Next? Living in the Past. [Television Program]. BBC Bristol.
Powell, Eric A.
2015 Hillforts of the Iron Age. Archaeology, November/December 2015, Vol. 68, No. 6 (November/December 2015), pp. 54-56, 58, 60, 62-63.
Renfrew, Colin
2001 Symbol before Concept: Material Engagement and the Early Development of Society. Archaeological Theory Today (ed. Ian Hodder), pp. 122-140.
Renfrew, Colin and Paul Bahn
2008 Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practice (Fifth Edition). Thames and Hudson, New York, NY.
Rose, Randall L. and Stacy L. Wood
2005 Paradox and the Consumption of Authenticity through Reality Television. Journal of Consumer Research, Vol. 32, No. 2 (September 2005), pp. 284-296.
Williams, Joe
2025 Beltain Celtic Fire Festival at Butser Ancient Farm – Crowds Dazzled by Burning of 40 ft. Wickerman. The News, May 4, 2025, www.portsmouth.co.uk/news /people/beltain-celtic-fire-festival-at-butser-ancient-farm-crowds-dazzled-by-burning-of-40ft-wickerman-5112680.

May 12, 2025
May 12, 2025
1hr 16 min
Calling all high rollers! The Two Humans roll the dice and discuss why humans love to gamble. Trust me, this episode is a sure bet!
Episode 76: Come on! Daddy Needs a New Pair of Shoes
An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans
Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human.
http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com
https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542
IG @introtoanthrowith2humans
Merch: www.cafepress.com/shop/TheCaveShoppe/products?designId=136195011
Resources:
American Gaming Association
2025 Commercial Gaming Tracker. American Gaming Association (website), April 17, 2025, www.americangaming.org/resources/commercial-gaming-revenue-tracker/.
Anonymous, Henrietta Bowden-Jones, and Sanju George
2012 Gambling Addiction. BMJ: British Medical Journal, 7 January 2012, Vol. 344, No. 7838 (7 January 2012), pp. 47-49.
Asbury, Herbert
1938 Sucker’s Progress: An Informal History of Gambling in America. Thunder’s Mouth Press, New York, NY.
Betts, Anna
2025 Sports Betting Firms Claim Their Programs Are ‘Not Designed’ to Enable Problem Bettors—But Advocates Are Skeptical. The Guardian, February 22, 2025, www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/feb/22/sports-betting-vip-programs.
Borghesi, Richard
2008 Widespread Corruption in Sports Gambling: Fact or Fiction? Southern Economic Journal, Apr., 2008, Vol. 74, No. 4 (Apr., 2008), pp. 1063-1069.
Carran, Malzgorzata (Margaret)
2013 Minors and Gambling Addiction. European Journal of Risk Regulation, 2013, Vol. 4, No. 4 (2013), pp. 509-520.
Chadwick, Meloney Crawford
2004 Gambling. GPSolo, OCTOBER/NOVEMBER 2004, Vol. 21, No. 7, More Bumps in the Road (OCTOBER/NOVEMBER 2004), pp. 46-47.
Cline, Austin
2017 Macuilxochitl: Macuilxochitl, God of Gambling in Aztec Religion. Learn Religions, March 15, 2017, www.learnreligions.com/macuilxochitl-aztec-god-of-gambling-248585.
DraftKings
2025 What Is a Point Spread Bet? DraftKings (website), accessed May 3, 2025, help.draftkings.com/hc/en-us/articles/4405230599955-What-is-a-point-spread-bet-US.
Duke University Medical Center
2005 Gambling Monkeys Give Insight into the Neural Machinery of Risk. Science Daily.com (website), August 23, 2005, www.sciencedaily.com/releases/ 2005/ 08/050823080657.htm.
Eadington, William R.
1999 The Journal of Economic Perspectives, Summer, 1999, Vol. 13, No. 3 (Summer, 1999), pp. 173-192.
Fisher, Eric
2025 Americans Bet $148 Billion on Sports in 2024, Up 23.6%. Front Office Sports, February 20, 2025, frontofficesports.com/americans-bet-148-billion-on-sports-in-2024-up-23-6/.
Greenberg, Doug
2025 U.S. Sports Betting Industry Post Record $13.7B Revenue for ’24. ESPN, February 19, 2025, www.espn.com/espn/betting/story/_/id/43922129/us-sports-betting-industry-posts-record-137b-revenue-24.
Guardian Staff
2025 John Oliver on US Sports Betting: ‘It Shouldn’t Be This Easy to Love This Much. The Guardian, March 17, 2025, www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2025/mar/17/john-oliver-last-week-tonight-betting.
Haines, Lester
2004 HK Feds Bust Illegal Cricket Fighting Ring. The Register, August 16, 2004, https://www.theregister.com/2004/08/16/cricket_fighting_ring/.
Henson, Steve
2025 Fans Say the Games Are Rigged for the Chiefs. Are the Officials on Kansas City’s Side.The Los Angeles Times, January 27, 2025, sports.yahoo.com/ officials-favoring-chiefs-drue-tranquill-190921412.html.
Janvrin, Richard
2025 Point Spread Betting: Sports Betting Guide. PennLive.com, April 2, 2025, www.pennlive.com/betting/guides/pointspread/.
Lesieur, Henry R. and Robert L. Custer
1984 Pathological Gambling: Roots, Phases, and Treatment. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Jul., 1984, Vol. 474, Gambling: Views from the Social Sciences (Jul., 1984), pp. 146-156.
Nair, Nitten
2025 Macuilxochitl: God of Games. MythLok (website), accessed May 5, 2025, mythlok.com/macuilxochitl/.
Ouellette, Jennifer
2024 Archaeologist Believe This Bronze Age Board Game Is the Oldest Yet Found. Arstechnica.com, September 16, 2024, arstechnica.com/science/2024/09/ archaeologists-believe-this-bronze-age-board-game-is-the-oldest-yet-found/.
Pappas, Stephanie
2022 Ancient Game Board Could Be a Missing Link Tied to the Egyptian Book of the Dead. Live Science, August 26, 2022, www.livescience.com/board-game-tied-to-egyptian-book-of-dead.html.
Parlett, David
2025 Faro. Encyclopedia Britannica (website), accessed May 5, 2025, www.britannica.com/topic/faro-card-game.
Perdum, David
2024 Study: ‘Angry Bettors’ behind Growing Abuse of NCAA Athletes. ESPN, October 28, 2024, www.espn.com/college-sports/story/_/id/41665899/study-angry-bettors-growing-abuse-ncaa-athletes.
Reynolds, Mike
2024 American Gaming Association: Legal Sports Betting Hit Record Revenue in 2023. S&P Global, February 21, 2024, www.spglobal.com/market-intelligence/en/news-insights/articles/2024/2/american-gaming-association-legal-sports-betting-hits-record-revenue-in-2023-80522087.
Schwartz, David G.
2006 Roll the Bones: The History of Gambling. Gotham Books, New York, NY.
Smith, Travis R., Michael J. Beran, and Michael E. Young
2017 Gambling in Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta): The Effects of Cues Signaling Risky Choice Outcomes. Learning & Behavior, April 18, 2017, Vol. 45, pp. 288-299.
Stinchfield, Randy and Ken C. Winters
1998 Gambling and Problem Gambling among Youths. The Annals of Political and Social Science, Mar., 1998, Vol. 556, Gambling: Socioeconomic Impacts and Public Policy (Mar., 1998), pp. 172-185.
Traina, Jimmy
2025 Troy Aikman Talks about Calling Out Refs, NFL During Texans-Chiefs Playoff Game.Sports Illustrated, January 30, 2025, www.krqe.com/sports/sports-illustrated/c9c44025/troy-aikman-talks-about-calling-out-refs-nfl-during-texans-chiefs-playoff-game/.

Apr 28, 2025
Apr 28, 2025
1hr 17 min
Think YOU can do it better? In this episode, The Two Humans take a swing at creating a better world. The suggestion box is outside the entrance to the communal showers.
Episode 75: I’ll Topia if U-topia: Why It’s So Hard to Create a Perfect World.
An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans
Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human.
http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com
https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542
IG @introtoanthrowith2humans
Merch: www.cafepress.com/shop/TheCaveShoppe/products?designId=136195011
Resources:
Backhouse, Fid and others
2025 Cambodian Genocide. The Encyclopedia Britannica, March 21, 2025, www.britannica.com/event/Cambodian-Genocide.
Budds, Diana
2019 Inside Paraguay’s Failed Aryan ‘Utopia.’ Curbed, June 28, 2019, archive.curbed.com/2019/6/28/18744439/nueva-germania-failed-utopia.
Claeys, Gregory
2011 Searching for Utopia: The History of an Idea. Thames & Hudson, New York, NY.
2017 Dystopia: A Natural History. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
Delano, Sterling F.
2004 Brook Farm: The Dark Side of Utopia. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
Dobson, Jim
2023 How to Rule Your Own Country: Inside the Outrageous World of Micronations. Forbes, September 21, 2023, www.forbes.com/sites/jimdobson/2023/09/21/how-to-rule-your-own-country-inside-the-outrageous-world-of-micronations/.
Douglas, Jennifer
2022 Failed Dreams of Building ‘New Australia’ Utopia in Australia in Paraguay Jungle in 19th Century. Australian Broadcasting Corporation News, November 26, 2022 www.abc.net.au/news/2022-11-27/history-of-failed-attempt-to-build-new-australia-in-paraguay/101590946.
Greekgodsandgoddesses.net
2022 Elysium. Greekgodsandgoddesses.net, January 24, 2022, greekgodsandgoddesses.net/myths/elysium/.
Greene, Vivien
2011 Utopia/Dystopia. American Art, Vol. 25, No. 2 (Summer 2011), pp. 2-7.
Griffin, Sean
2018 Antislavery Utopias. Journal of the Civil War Era, Vol. 8, No. 2, The Future of Abolition Studies: A Special Issue (June 2018), pp. 243-268.
Hesiod
2025 Hesiod, Works and Days (trans. Gregory Nagy). Harvard University’s Center for Hellenic Studies (website), accessed April 27, 2025, chs.harvard.edu/primary-source/hesiod-works-and-days-sb/.
Kagan, Paul
1975 New World Utopias: A Photographic History of the Search for Community. Penguin Books, New York, NY.
Kumar, Krishan
2010 The Ends of Utopia. New Literary History, Summer 2010, Vol. 41, No. 3 (Summer 2010), pp. 549-569.
Lewis, Danny
2016 This Art Show Looks at 500 Years of Failed Utopias. Smithsonian Magazine, December 29, 2016, www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/art-show-looks-500-years-failed-utopias-180961587/.
More, Thomas
2003 Utopia (trans. Paul Turner). Penguin Books, New York, NY.
National Cambodian Heritage Museum and Killings Field Memorial
2025 National Cambodian Heritage Museum and Killings Field Memorial (website), www.cambodianmuseum.org/remembering-the-killing-fields.
National Park Service
2023 Secular Utopias in America. National Park Service (website), October 23, 2023, www.nps.gov/articles/000/secular-utopias-in-america.htm.
2023 Utopias in America. National Park Service (website), October 24, 2023, www.nps.gov/articles/utopias-in-america.htm.
Orwell, George
1949 1984. Berkley/Mariner, New York, NY.
Reed, Lawrence
2021 The Dark Side of Paradise: A Brief History of America’s Utopian Experiments in Communal Living. Foundation for Economic Education (website), June 13, 2021, fee.org/articles/the-dark-side-of-paradise-a-brief-history-of-americas-utopian-experiments-in-communal-living/.
Rickett, Oscar
2018 Failed ‘Utopias’ Throughout History. VICE, April 9, 2018, www.vice.com/ en/article/failed-utopias-throughout-history-v25n1/.
Sargent, Lyman Tower and Lucy Sargisson
2014 Sex in Utopia: Eutopian and Dystopian Sexual Relations. Utopian Studies, Vol. 25, No. 2 (2014), pp. 299-320.
Savage, Rachel
2012 The World’s Top 5 Failed Utopias. The Isis, May 15, 2012, isismagazine. org.uk/about-us/

Mar 21, 2025
Mar 21, 2025
1hr 17 min
You better take a knee because in this episode, The Two Humans discuss everything from squatting to bean bag chairs.
Episode 74: Taking a Sit: 5,000 Years of Taking a Load Off
An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans
Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human.
http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com
https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542
IG @introtoanthrowith2humans
Merch: www.cafepress.com/shop/TheCaveShoppe/products?designId=136195011
Resources:
Bennett, Henry Eastman
1925 A Study of School Posture and Seating. The Elementary School Journal, Sep., 1925, Vol. 26, No. 1 (Sep., 1925), pp. 50-57.
British Medical Journal
1904 School Desks and Posture. The British Medical Journal, Vol. 2, No. 2288 (Nov. 5, 1904), pp. 1263-1264.
Chockalingam, Nachiappan
2020 Sitting on the Floor: Is It Better Than Sitting in a Chair? The Conversation, July 29, 2020, www.cnn.com/2020/07/29/health/floor-sitting-benefits-wellness-partner/index.html.
Danto, Arthur C.
1987 The Seat of the Soul: Three Chairs. Grand Street, Summer, 1987, Vol. 6, No. 4 (Summer, 1987), pp. 157-176.
Dhawan, Nikhil
2020 A Brief History of Sitting. Students of Living (website), July 19, 2020, www.studentsofliving.com/post/a-brief-history-of-sitting#.
Fuller, Robert C. and Derek E. Montgomery
2015 Body Posture and Religious Attitudes. Archiv fur Religionspsychologie/Archive for the Psychology of Religion, 2015, Vol. 37, No. 3 (2015), pp. 227-239.
Harris, Trudier
1996 Porch-Sitting as a Creative Southern Tradition. Southern Cultures, 1996, Vol. 2, No. 3/4 (1996), pp. 441-460.
Hewes, Gordon W.
1955 World Distribution of Postural Habits. American Anthropologist, Apr., 1955, New Series, Vol. 57, No. 2, Part 1 (Apr., 1955), pp. 231-244.
Icalla, Del
2024 Japanese Sitting Traditions. Nipino.com (website), January 19, 2024, www.nipino.com/japanese-sitting-traditions.
Jameson, Marni
2014 Sitting through History: Chair Designs through the Ages Reflect Changes in Materials, Technology, and Society. The Times Picayune, October 13, 2014, www.nola.com/entertainment_life/home_garden/sitting-through-history-chair-designs-through-the-ages-reflect-changes-in-materials-technology-and-society/article_5d27d534-7d87-5f75-b4cd-d9977fa74c04.html.
Katella, Kathy
2019 Why Is Sitting So Bad for Us? Yale Medicine, August 28, 2019, www.yalemedicine.org/news/sitting-health-risks.
Kikuchi, Hiroyuki, Shigeru Inoue, Yuko Odagiri, Manami Inoue, et al.
2015 Occupational Sitting Time and Risk of All-Cause Mortality among Japanese Workers. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, November 2015, Vol. 41, No. 6 (November 2015), pp. 519-528.
Rybczynski, Witold
2016 Now I Sit Me Down: From Klismos to Plastic Chair (A Natural History). Farrar, Straus and Giroux, New York, NY.
Straker, Leon M., Peter B. O’Sullivan, Anne Smith, and Mark Perry
2007 Computer Use and Habitual Spinal Posture in Australian Adolescents. Public Health Reports (1974-), Sep. – Oct., 2007, Vol. 122, No. 5 (Sep. – Oct., 2007), pp. 634-643.
Tenner, Edward
1997 How the Chair Conquered the World. The Wilson Quarterly (1976-), Spring, 1997, Vol. 21, No. 2 (Spring, 1997), pp. 64-70.
Yosifon, David and Peter N. Stearns
1998 The Rise and Fall of American Posture. The American Historical Review, Oct., 1998, Vol. 103, No. 4 (Oct., 1998), pp.1057-1095.

Mar 10, 2025
Mar 10, 2025
1hr 17 min
Are you a hepcat, a skibidi rizzler, an NPC, or a square? In this episode, The Two Humans wrap their tongues around the latest lingo. You dig, Daddy-o?
Episode 73: Slinging the Slang
An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans
Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human.
http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com
https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542
IG @introtoanthrowith2humans
Merch: www.cafepress.com/shop/TheCaveShoppe/products?designId=136195011
Resources:
Behrens, Cole
2024 Did You Just Get Mogged by a Skibidi Rizzler? Gen Alpha Slang Explained. The Columbus Dispatch, August 17, 2024, www.dispatch.com/story/ news/local/2024/08/17/skibidi-toilet-ohio-rizz-gen-alpha-slang-terms-meaning/74702923007/
Cassidy, Daniel
2007 How the Irish Invented Slang: The Secret Language of the Crossroads. CounterPunch, Petrolia, CA.
Coleman, Julie
2012 The Life of Slang. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
Cook, Tim
2013 Fighting Words: Canadian Soldiers’ Slang and Swearing in the Great War. War in History, July 2013, Vol. 20, No. 3 (July 2013), pp. 323-344.
Gates, Shivonne M. and Christian Idbury
2019 Standard Language Ideology and the Non-Standard Adolescent Speaker. Voices and Practices in Applied Linguistics: Diversifying a Discipline (ed. C. Wright, L. Harvey, and J. Simpson), White Rose University Press, York, UK, pp. 109-125.
Green, Jonathon
2015 The Vulgar Tongue: Green’s History of Slang. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
Holmes, Janet and Nick Wilson
2017 An Introduction to Sociolinguistics (Fifth Edition). Routledge, Abingdon, UK.
Kipfer, Barbara Ann (ed.)
2008 American Slang (Fourth Edition). HarperCollins, New York, NY.
Mathews, Sr., Michael R.
2025 Slang Through the Ages. Michael R. Mathews, Sr. (self-published), January 9, 2025.
McPhee, M. C.
1927 College Slang. American Speech, Dec., 1927, Vol. 3, No. 2 (Dec., 1927), pp. 131-133.
McRae, Rick
2001 ‘What Is Hip?’ and Other Inquiries in Jazz Slang Lexicography. Notes, Mar., 2001, Second Series, Vol. 57, No. 3 (Mar., 2001), pp. 574-584.
Morin, Amy
2025 Parents, Here’s the 2025 Teen Slang You Need to Know. Parents, January 9, 2025, www.parents.com/teen-slang-dictionary-for-parents-8547711.
Puchner, Martin
2020 The Language of Thieves. W. W. Norton & Company, New York, NY.
Rizzler, Ohio
2024 Brainrot: The Gen-A Slang Lexicon. Elevated Publishing, Coppell, TX.
Rodrigues, Isabelle and Ted Neather
2007 Streetwise French: Speak and Understand Everyday French. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY.
Sullivan, Joseph M
1921 Criminal Slang. The Virginia Law Review, May, 1921, New Series, Vol. 7, No. 1 (May, 1921), pp. 9-17.
Tanner, Jeremy
2024 The 10 Most Searched for Slang Words of 2024. MSN.com, November 3, 2024, www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/see-the-10-most-searched-for-slang-words-of-2024/ar-AA1tqIvC.
Thrush, Catherine
2015 A New Look at Old Words: Street Slang from the 1600s to 1800s. Urban Realms, urbanrealms.com.
Whitman, Walt
1885 Slang in America. The North American Review, Nov., 1885, Vol. 141, No. 348 (Nov., 1885), pp. 431-435.

Feb 4, 2025
Feb 4, 2025
1hr 10 min
Forget Bladerunner, I Robot, and The Jetsons! In this episode, The Two Humanoids discuss the truth about the coming AI-human merger. You’re going to need a full battery pack for this one!
Episode 72: One Singularity Sensation Every Exponential Step It Takes
An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans
Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human.
http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com
https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542
IG @introtoanthrowith2humans
Merch: www.cafepress.com/shop/TheCaveShoppe/products?designId=136195011
Resources:
Attenborough, Richard (Director)
1985 A Chorus Line [Film]. Embassy Films, PolyGram Pictures, and A Feuer and Martin Production.
Capek, Karel
1920 R.U.R. Rossum’s Universal Robots. Directed by Brandi Douglas, October 23, 2021, The Majestic Theatre, Corvallis, OR, Facebook Livestream.
Etzioni, Amitai and Oren Etzioni
2017 Should Artificial Intelligence Be Regulated? Issues in Science and Technology, Summer 2017, Vol. 33, No. 4 (Summer 2017), pp. 32-36.
Heilpern, John
2006 A Masterpiece Revived: One Singular Sensation? Observer, October 16, 2006, observer.com/2006/10/a-masterpiece-revived-one-singular-sensation-2/.
Kurzweil, Ray
2005 The Singularity Is Near: When Humans Transcend Biology. Penguin Books, New York, NY.
2024 The Singularity Is Nearer: When We Merge with AI. Viking, New York, NY.
Levy, David
2007 Love and Sex with Robots: The Evolution of Human-Robot Relationships. HarperCollins e-books, New York, NY.
Moran, Michael
2007 Rossum’s Universal Robots: Not the Machines. Journal of Endourology, December 2007, Volume 21, Number 12, pp. 1399-1402, www.endourology.org /images/endourology-history-articles/Rossums-Universal-Robots-Not-the-Machines.pdf.
Rouhiainen, Lasse
2024 ChatGPT: 101 Things You Must Know Today about ChatGPT and Generative AI. Lasse Rouhiainen (Self-Published).
Shanahan, Murray
2015 The Technological Singularity. The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
Steinberg, Avi
2023 The Science of Cartooning. Steinberg Draws Cartoons (website), April 28, 2023, steinbergdrawscartoons.substack.com/p/the-science-of-cartooning.
Thompson, Tok
2019 Ghost Stories from the Uncanny Valley. Western Folklore, Winter 2019, Vol. 78, No. 1 (Winter 2019), pp. 39-66.
Tuck, Jay
2019 Mankind’s Greatest Challenge: Artificial Intelligence. The Antioch Review, Vol. 77, No. 3 (Summer 2019), pp. 447-456.
Wheeler, J. Craig
2024 The Path to Singularity: How Technology Will Challenge the Future of Humanity. Prometheus Books, Essex, CT.

Jan 13, 2025
Jan 13, 2025
1hr 21 min
Calling all sherd nerds and pot-heads! The Two Humans get their hands dirty as they look at the history and significance of prehistoric pottery!
Episode 71 – Totally Potted: A Crash Course in Prehistoric Pottery
An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans
Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human.
http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com
https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542
IG @introtoanthrowith2humans
Merch: www.cafepress.com/shop/TheCaveShoppe/products?designId=136195011
Resources:
Associated Press
2012 Ancient Chinese Pottery Confirmed as the Oldest Yet Found. The Guardian, June 28, 2012, www.theguardian.com/science/2012/jun/28/ancient-chinese-pottery-oldest-yet.
Booker, Margaret Moore
2013 Southwest Art Defined: An Illustrated Guide. Rio Nuevo Publishers, Tucson, AZ.
Childs, Craig
2010 Finders Keepers: A Tale of Archaeological Plunder and Obsession. Little, Brown and Company, New York, NY.
Cordell, Linda
2009 Archaeology of the Southwest (Second Edition). Left Coast Press, Inc., Walnut Creek, CA.
Crown, Patricia
2007 Life Histories of Pots and Potters: Situating the Individual in Archaeology. American Antiquity, Oct., 2007, Vol. 72, No. 4 (Oct., 2007), pp. 677-690.
Davis, Liam
2023 Greek Pottery—The History of Ancient Greek Vase Designs. Artfilemagazine.com, July 31, 2023, artfilemagazine.com/greek-pottery/.
Encyclopedia Britannica
2024 Greek Pottery. Encyclopedia Britannica (website), accessed January 6, 2025, www.britannica.com/art/Greek-pottery.
Glueck, Grace
2006 Museum of American Indian’s ‘Born of Clay’ Explores Culture through Ceramics. The New York Times, July 1, 2006, www.nytimes.com/2006/07/01/arts/design/ 01clay.html
Greene, Kevin and Tom Moore
2010 Archaeology: An Introduction (Fifth Edition). Routledge, Abingdon, UK.
Harmon, Karris
2024 Man Ordered to Rebury History after Unearthing Spanish Artifact at Fort Pickens. WEAR News 3, April 16, 2024, weartv.com/news/local/man-ordered-to-rebury-history-after-unearthing-spanish-artifact-at-fort-pickens.
Harrington, Spencer P. M.
1991 The Looting of Arkansas. Archaeology, May/June 1991, Vol. 44, No. 3 (May/June 1991), pp. 22-30.
Haviland, William A., Dana Walrath, Harold E. L. Prins, and Bunny McBride
2011 Evolution and Prehistory: The Human Challenge, Ninth Edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, Belmont, CA.
Mattison, Steve
2003 The Complete Potter. Barron’s Educational Series, Hauppauge, NY.
Orton, Clive, Paul Tyers, and Alan Vince
1993 Pottery in Archaeology. Cambridge University Press, New York, NY.
Patel, Samir S.
2009 Drugs, Guns, and Dirt. Archaeology, March/April 2009, Vol. 62, No. 2 (March/April 2009), pp. 45-47.
Renfrew, Colin and Paul Bahn
2008 Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practice (Fifth Edition). Thames & Hudson, New York, NY.
Rice, Prudence M.
1987 Pottery Analysis: A Sourcebook. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL.
Sinopoli, Carla M.
1991 Approaches to Archaeological Ceramics. Plenum Press, New York, NY.
Stokstad, Marilyn
1995 Art History (Volume One). Prentice Hall, Inc. and Harry, N. Abrams, Inc. New York, NY.
Yin, Tongyun and Zheng Wei
2023 Early to Medieval Chinese Pottery. Weldon Owen, San Rafael, CA.

Dec 30, 2024
Dec 30, 2024
1hr 18 min
Oh, waiter! The Two Humans reserve a table for two as they discuss the history of dining out and restaurants. Check, please!
Episode 70 – Dining Out: A Hungry Human’s History of Restaurants
An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans
Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human.
http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com
https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542
IG @introtoanthrowith2humans
Merch: www.cafepress.com/shop/TheCaveShoppe/products?designId=136195011
Resources:
Broomfield, Andrea
2022 Iconic Restaurants of Kansas City. American Palate, Charleston, SC.
Chicago Waffles
2024 Why Dining Out Makes People Happier. Chicago Waffles (website) (accessed December 21, 2024), www.chicagowaffles.com/dining-out-west-loop-chicago-2/.
Cooke, Michael
2024 How Real Are the Depictions of Popular Restaurant Movies and TV Shows. Eat Out (website), March 20, 2024, www.eatout.co.za/article/real-depictions-popular-restaurant-movies-tv-shows/.
Dusselier, Jane
2009 Understandings of Food as Culture. Environmental History, April 2009, Vol. 14, No. 2 (April 2009), pp. 331-338.
Fields, Roger
2014 Restaurant Success by the Numbers: A Money-Man’s Guide to Opening the Next New Hot Spot (Second Edition), Ten Speed Press, Berkeley, CA.
Freedman, Paul
2012 Women in Restaurants in the Nineteenth-Century United States. Journal of Social History, Fall 2014, Vol. 48, No. 1 (Fall 2014), pp. 1-19.
Fremont, Maggie
2024 Restaurant Shows Ranked by Stressfulness. Vulture (website), June 27, 2024, www.vulture.com/article/stressful-restaurant-shows-ranked.html.
Fried, Stephen
2010 Appetite for America: How Visionary Businessman Fred Harvey Built a Railroad Hospitality Empire that Civilized the Wild West. Bantam Books, New York, NY.
Lobel, Cindy
2010 “Out to Eat”: The Emergence and Evolution of the Restaurant in Nineteenth-Century New York City. Winterthur Portfolio, Vol. 44, No. 2/3 (Summer/Autumn 2010), pp. 193-220.
Masin, Kim
2024 Restaurant Insider Stories: Squashing the Myth of Myths of Owning a Restaurant – Life in the Hospitality Industry. Self-Published (Kindle Edition).
Matyszak, Philip
2007 Rome on 5 Denarii a Day. Thames & Hudson, New York, NY.
Nybakken, Oscar E.
1946 The Moral Basis of Hospitium Privatum. The Classical Journal, Mar., 1946, No. 6, (Mar., 1946), pp. 248-253.
Poling-Kempes, Lesley
1991 The Harvey Girls: Women Who Opened the West. Marlowe & Company, New York, NY.
Sasson, Remez
2024 Why People Love to Eat Out in Restaurants. Success Consciousness (website) (accessed December 21, 2024), www.successconsciousness. com/blog/happiness-fun/why-people-love-to-eat-out-in-restaurants/.
Sitwell, William
2020 The Restaurant: A 2,000-Year History of Dining Out. Diversion Books, New York, NY.
Young, Courtney
2023 10 Restaurant Shows That Will Have You Shouting ‘Yes, Chef!’ from the Rafters. Cosmopolitan, June 5, 2023, www.cosmopolitan.com/ entertainment/ tv/a44079555/restaurant-shows/.

Dec 16, 2024
Dec 16, 2024
1hr 16 min
The Two Humans try to remember exactly what it was they were going to say about memory.
Episode 69: Oh, Yes, I Remember It Well (I Think)
An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans
Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human.
http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com
https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542
IG @introtoanthrowith2humans
Merch: www.cafepress.com/shop/TheCaveShoppe/products?designId=136195011
Resources:
Cicero
90BC Rhetorica ad Herennium. Kindle Edition.
Cleveland Clinic
2024 Alzheimer’s Disease. Cleveland Clinic (website), accessed December 1, 2024, my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9164-alzheimers-disease.
2024 Amygdala. Cleveland Clinic (website), accessed December 15, 2024, my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/24894-amygdala.
2024 Hippocampus. Cleveland Clinic (website), accessed December 15, 2024, my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/hippocampus.
2024 Temporal Lobe. Cleveland Clinic (website), accessed December 15, 2024, my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/16799-temporal-lobe.
Dattner, Alicia
2017 6 Tricks to Saving Face When You Forget Your Lines on Stage. Creative Heart Coaching (website), November 12, 2017, www.creativeheartcoaching. com/2017/11/6-tricks-to-save-face-when-you-forget-your-lines/
Ducharme, Jamie
2018 Why You Forget Names Immediately—And How to Remember Them. Time, July 26, 2018, time.com/5348486/why-do-you-forget-names/.
Foer, Joshua
2011 Moonwalking with Einstein: The Art and Science of Remembering Everything. Penguin Books, New York, NY.
Hampton, Rachelle
2018 New Study Shows How Even Innocently Forgetting Names and Personal Details Can Harm Relationships. Slate, October 16, 2018, slate.com/human-interest/2018/10/forgetting-names-friendship-harm-study.html.
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Your Human Hosts
John McCray has a BA in French and an MA in Southwest Studies/Anthropology and Archaeology. He has taught college-level anthropology and his graduate thesis was titled "Mycotoxins, Maize and Site Abandonment in the American Southwest." Over the years he has worked cleaning chimneys, answering questions about Italian tourism, guarding artworks that look like vaginas at the O'Keeffe Museum, and helping veterans. He has written for stage and television, including projects for VH1, Fox Studios, and Lookingglass Theater. He co-created A Series of Comedic Lectures and Addiction 101 with John Lehr and was the historical consultant on Hulu's Quickdraw. John enjoys looking at petroglyphs and pottery sherds and hanging out with John Lehr.
John Lehr is the star/creator/writer for “10 Items or Less” (TBS), “JailBait” (Sony/Crackle) and “Quickdraw” (Hulu). Lehr is one of the original Geico Cavemen from the wildly successful commercial campaign. Lehr’s critically acclaimed “Comedic Lectures” solo performances, directed and co-created by John McCray, have had sold out runs in LA and New York. He is also a respected improvisational performer having worked at the Organic Theater and Steppenwolf Theater in Chicago, the Montreal Comedy Festival, Chicago Improvisational Festival and multiple venues in Los Angeles and New York. Lehr regularly performs stand-up comedy and MC/Hosts events around the country. www.johnlehr.com







