An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans

Episode 45—Sawing Logs and Hitting Hay: The Exhausting Labor of Sleep

Get ready to catch some Z’s as The Two Humans grab their blankies and pillows and head to the bedroom to see what’s so exhausting about sleep.
Episode 45—Sawing Logs and Hitting Hay: The Exhausting Labor of Sleep
An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans
Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human.
http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com
https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542
IG @introtoanthrowith2humans
 
Resources:
 
Akerstedt, Torbjorn
2006 Psychosocial Stress and Impaired Sleep. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment, & Health, December 2006, Vol. 32, No. 6 (December 2006), pp. 493-501.
 
Breus, Michael J.
2015 Why Do We Dream? Psychology Today, February 13, 2015, www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/sleep-newzzz/201502/why-do-we-dream.
 
Cleveland Clinic
2024 Night Vision. Cleveland Clinic (website), my.clevelandclinic.org/health/ articles/24309-night-vision.
2024 Sleep. Cleveland Clinic (website), my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/12148-sleep-basics.
2024 Yawning. Cleveland Clinic (website), my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/yawning.
 
Drerup, Michelle
2022 Why Do We Dream? Cleveland Clinic (website), August 17, 2022, health.clevelandclinic.org/why-do-we-dream.
 
Eagleman, David and Don Vaughn
2020 Why Do We Dream? A New Theory on How It Protects Our Brains. Time, December 29, 2020, time.com/5925206/why-do-we-dream/.
 
Ekirch, A. Roger
2005 At Day’s Close: A History of Nighttime. Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London, UK.
Gupta, Sharat and Shallu Mittal
2013 Yawning and Its Physiological Significance. International Journal of Applied and Basic Medical Research, 2013, January-June; 3(1), pp. 11-15.
 
Johns Hopkins Medicine
2024 The Science of Sleep: Understanding What Happens When You Sleep. Johns Hopkins Medicine (website), www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/wellness-and-prevention/the-science-of-sleep-understanding-what-happens-when-you-sleep.
 
Leschziner, Guy
2019 The Nocturnal Brain: Nightmares, Neuroscience, and the Secret World of Sleep. St. Martin’s Griffin, New York, NY.
 
McLain, Roberta
2023 Why Do We Dream? Maybe to Ensure We Can Literally “See” the World upon Awakening. Scientific American, December 12, 2023, www.scientificamerican. com/article/why-do-we-dream-maybe-to-ensure-we-can-literally-see-the-world-upon-awakening.
 
Miller, Kenneth
2023 Mapping the Darkness: The Visionary Scientists Who Unlocked the Mysteries of Sleep. Hachette Books, New York, NY.
 
National Institutes of Health
2024 Why Is Sleep Important? National Institutes of Health (website), www.nhlbi.nih. gov/health/sleep/why-sleep-important#:~:text.
 
Provine, Robert R.
2005 Yawning: The Yawn Is Primal, Unstoppable, and Contagious, Revealing the Evolutionary and Neural Basis of Empathy and Unconscious Behavior. American Scientist, November-December 2005, Vol. 93, No. 6 (November-December 2005), pp. 532-539.
 
Quante, Mirja, Sara Mariani, Jia Weng, Catherine R. Marinac, et al.
2018 Zeitgebers and their Association with Rest-Activity Patterns. Chronobiology International, October 26, 2018, 36(2), pp. 203-213.
 
Reiss, Benjamin
2017 Wild Nights: How Taming Sleep Created Our Restless World. Basic Books, New York, NY. 
 
Restworks
2024 22 Famous Nappers: How Napping Was These People’s Key to Success. Restworks (website), rest.works/en/article/famous-nappers-in-history/.
 
Roblin, Sebastien
2017 Puerto Rican Assassins Nearly Caught Pres. Harry Truman in His Underwear. War Is Boring, November 20, 2017, warisboring.com/amateur-assassins-trying-to-strike-a-blow-for-puerto-rican-independence-nearly-caught-pres-harry-truman-in-his-underwear/.
 
Tucker, Aimee
2013 Mark Twain Bed / Local Treasure. New England, July 22, 2013, newengland.com/yankee/magazine/mark-twain-bed/.
 
Woolston, Chris
2024 Why Do We Sleep? Researchers Propose an Answer to This Age-Old Question. Washington University (website), January 9, 2024, artsci.wustl.edu/ampersand/ why-do-we-sleep-researchers-propose-answer-age-old-question.
 

Episode 44: How Sweet It Is (and Salty)! Sugar and Salt: The Taste of Being Human

Calling all sugar babies and salty dogs! Grab your sodas and chips and listen while The Two Humans binge on the history of salt and sugar. My tummy doesn’t feel so good…
Episode 44: How Sweet It Is (and Salty)! Sugar and Salt: The Taste of Being Human
An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human.
http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com
https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542
IG @introtoanthrowith2humans
Resources:
 
Aronson, Marc and Marina Budhos
2010 Sugar Changed the World: A Story of Magic, Spice, Slavery, Freedom, and Science. HarperCollins Publishers, New York, NY.
 
Bailin, Deborah, Gretchen Goldman, and Pallavi Phartiyal
2014 Sugar-Coating Science: How the Food Industry Misleads Consumers on Sugar. Union of Concerned Scientists, pp. 1-20.
 
Cook, Nancy R., Feng J. He, Graham A. MacGregor, and Niels Graudal
2020 Sodium and Health—Concordance and Controversy. BMJ, June 26, 2020, www.bmj.com/content/369/bmj.m2440.
 
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
2024 Sodium in Your Diet. FDA website, www.fda.gov/food/nutrition-education-resources-materials/sodium-your-diet#:~:text=Know%20Your%20Numbers&text= Americans%20eat%20on%20average%20about,recommended%20limits%20are%20even%20lower.
 
Freeman, Clara R., Amna Zehra, Veronica Ramirez, Corinde E. Wiers, et al.
2018 Impact of Sugar on the Body, Brain, and Behavior. Frontiers in Bioscience, (Landmark Edition), 23, June 1, 2018, pp. 2255-2266, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ 29772560/.
 
Goldman, Gretchen, Christina Carlson, Deborah Bailin, Lindsey Fong, et al.
2014 The Evidence on Added Sugar and Our Health. Union of Concerned Scientists, pp. 4-5.
 
Goodreads
2024 Jean-Paul Sartre Quotes. Goodreads (website), www.goodreads.com/quotes/ 119103-a-kiss-without-a-moustache-they-said-then-is-like.
 
Gravina, Stephen A., Gregory L. Yep, and Mehmood Khan
2013 Human Biology of Taste. Annals of Saudi Medicine, 2013, May-June; 33(3), pp. 217-222, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6078535/.
 
Higman, B. W.
2000 The Sugar Revolution. The Economic History Review, May, 2000, New Series, Vol. 53, No. 2 (May, 2000), pp. 213-236.
 
History.com Editors
2022 Salt March. History.com, August 29, 2022, www.history.com/topics/asian-history/salt-march.
 
Jakle, John A.
1969 Salt on the Ohio Valley Frontier, 1770-1820. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, Dec., 1969, Vol. 59, No. 4 (Dec., 1969), pp. 687-709.
 
Kenny, Colin
2012 An Egg without Salt. The University Times, January 18, 2012, universitytimes.ie/ 2012/01/an-egg-without-salt/.
 
Kurlansky, Mark
2002 Salt: A World History. Penguin Books, New York, NY.
 
Laszlo, Pierre
2001 Salt: Grain of Life (Mary Beth Mader, trans.). HarperCollins Publishers, New York, NY.
 
McDougall, E. Ann
1990 Salts of the Western Sahara: Myths, Mysteries, and Historical Significance. The International Journal of African Historical Studies, 1990, Vol. 23, No. 2 (1990), pp. 231-257.
 
Mente, Andrew, Martin O’Donnell, and Salim Yusuf
2021 Sodium Intake and Health: What Should We Recommend Based on the Current Evidence? Nutrients, 2021 September; 13(9): 3232, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ 34579105/.
 
Mintz, Sidney W.
1985 Sweetness and Power: The Place of Sugar in Modern History. Penguin Books, New York, NY.
 
Ninomiya, Kumiko
2015 Science of Umami Taste: Adaptation to Gastronomic Culture. Flavour, January 26, 2015, flavourjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/2044-7248-4-13.
 
Nosrat, Samin
2017 Salt Fat Acid Heat. Simon & Schuster, New York, NY.
 
Polan, Dana
2002 Salt. Gastronomica, Vol. 2, No. 4 (Fall 2002), pp. 90-97.
 
Renfew, Colin and Paul Bahn
2008 Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practice (Fifth Edition).Thames & Hudson Inc., New York, NY
 
Salzwelten Hallstatt
2024 Archaeology – 7000 Years of History. Salzwelten Hallstatt (website), www.salzwelten.at/en/blog/hallstatt-archaeology.
 
Seki, Katsuhisa
2015 Japanese Proverbs. JTB Blogs USA, August 28, 2015, blog.jtbusa.com/ japanese-proverbs-ao-wa-ai-yori-idete-ai-yori-aoshi-asameshi-mae-no-shigoto-asa-oki-wa-san-mon-no-toku/#:~:text=Aona%20ni%20shio.&text.
 
Sharma, Arun, S. Amarnath, M. Thulasimani, and S. Ramaswamy
2016 Artificial Sweeteners as a Sugar Substitute: Are They Really Safe? Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 2016, May-June; 48(3), pp. 237-240, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4899993/.
 
 

Episode 43: Bewitched, Bothered and Burnt: The Honest Truth about Witch Hunts

Double, double, toil and trouble! The Two Humans grab their wands and broomsticks and fly off to discover the truth about witches and witch hunts.
Episode 43: Bewitched, Bothered and Burnt: The Honest Truth about Witch Hunts
An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans
Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human.
http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com
https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542
IG @introtoanthrowith2humans
 
Resources:
 
Ben-Yehuda, Nachman
1980 The European Witch Craze of the 14th to 17th Centuries: A Sociologist’s Perspective. American Journal of Sociology, Jul., 1980, Vol. 86, No. 1 (Jul., 1980), pp. 1-31.
 
Caporael, Linnda R.
1976 Ergotism: The Satan Loosed in Salem? Science, New Series, Vol. 192, No. 4234
 
Chollet, Mona
2022 In Defense of Witches: The Legacy of Witch Hunts and Why Women are Still on Trial (Helen Weaver, trans.). St. Martin’s Griffin, New York, NY.
 
Combs, Josiah Henry
1914 Sympathetic Magic in the Kentucky Mountains: Some Curious Folk-Survivals. The Journal of American Folklore, Jul.-Sep., 1914, Vol. 27, No. 105 (Jul.-Sep., 1914), pp. 328-330.
 
Gibson, Marion
2023 Witchcraft: A History in Thirteen Trials. Scribner, New York, NY.
 
Harold, Laura
2023 Magical Thinking in Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Verywell Mind, January 3, 2023, www.verywellmind.com/magical-thinking-in-generalized-anxiety-disorder-4151291.
 
Lovering, Cathy
2022 Demystifying Magical Thinking. PsychCentral, April 16, 2022, psychcentral.com/ health/magical-thinking.
Mackay, Christopher S. 
2006 The Hammer of Witches: A Complete Translation of the Malleus Maleficarum. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
 
Matossian, Mary K.
1982 Views: Ergot and the Salem Witchcraft Affair: An Outbreak of a Type of Food Poisoning Known as Convulsive Ergotism May Have Led to the 1692 Accusations of Witchcraft. American Scientist, July-August 1982, Vol. 70, No. 4 (July-August 1982), pp. 355-357.
 
Paste Staff
2023 The 30 Best Movies about Witches. Paste Magazine, October 16, 2023, www.pastemagazine.com/movies/witches/the-25-best-movies-about-witches.
 
Roach, Marilynne K.
2002 The Salem Witch Trials: A Day-by-Day Chronicle of a Community under Siege. Taylor Trade Publishing, Lanham, MD.
 
Schoeneman, Thomas J.
1975 The Witch Hunt as a Culture Change Phenomenon. Ethos, Winter, 1975, Vol. 3, No. 4 (Winter 1975), pp. 529-554.
 
Simmons, Marc
1980 Witchcraft in the Southwest: Spanish and Indian Supernaturalism on the Rio Grande. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, NE.
 
Snow, Loudell
1979 Mail Order Magic: The Commercial Exploitation of Folk Belief. Journal of the Folklore Institute, Jan. - Aug., 1979, Vol. 16, No. 1/2 (Jan. – Aug., 1979), pp. 44-74.
 
Wilgorin, Jodi
1999 Don’t Give Us Little Wizards, The Anti-Potter Parents Cry. The New York Times, November 1, 1999, www.nytimes.com/1999/11/01/us/don-t-give-us-little-wizards-the-anti-potter-parents-cry.html.
 
Yu, Mallory
2020 Opinion: Harry Potter’s Magic Fades When His Creator Tweets. NPR, June 10, 2020

Episode 42: Forensic Anthropology in Action, OR, If Professor Plum Dies, How Long before He Becomes a Professor Prune?

The Two Humans follow in the footsteps of Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson as they investigate the history of forensic anthropology.
Episode 42: Forensic Anthropology in Action, OR, If Professor Plum Dies, How Long before He Becomes a Professor Prune?
An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans
Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human.
http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com
https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542
IG @introtoanthrowith2humans
Resources:
 
Bass, Bill and Jon Jefferson
2003 Death’s Acre. Berkley Books, New York, NY.
 
Burns, Karen Ramey
2013 Forensic Anthropology Training Manual (Third Edition). Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. 
 
Byers, Steven N.
2011 Forensic Anthropology (Fourth Edition). Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ.
 
Center for the History of Medicine
2023 Thomas Dwight. Center for the History of Medicine, Harvard Countway Library (website), collections.countway.harvard.edu/onview/exhibits/show/nature-of-every-member/thomas-dwight.
 
Chicagology
2023 1897—Sausage Vat Murder. Chicagology (website), chicagology.com/notorious-chicago/sausagevatmurder/.
 
Cleveland Police Museum
2020 Criminal Identification: The Bertillon System. Cleveland Police Museum (website), April 7, 2020, www.clevelandpolicemuseum.org/historical/criminal-identification-the-bertillion-system/.
 
Corrieri, Brigida and Nicholas Marquez-Grant
2015 What Do Bones Tell Us? The Study of Human Skeletons from the Perspective of Forensic Anthropology. Science Progress (1933 - ), Vol. 98, No. 4 (2015), pp. 391-402.
 
Dutchen, Stepanie
2013 Head of the Class: Giant Skull and Foot Models Donated to Warren Anatomical Museum. Harvard Medical School (website), November 21, 2013, hms.harvard.edu/news/head-class.
 
Eschner, Kat
2017 William R. Maples Popularized Forensic Anthropology Long Before CSI. Smithsonian Magazine, August 7, 2017, www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/william-r-maples-popularized-forensic-anthropology-long-csi-180964317/.
 
Flower, Amanda
2018 What Exactly Is a Cozy Mystery? Publishers Weekly, May 18, 2018. www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/industry-news/tip-sheet/article/76834-the-enduring-appeal-of-the-cozy-mystery.html.
 
Fosdick, Raymond B.
1915 The Passing of the Bertillon System of Identification. Journal of the American Institute of Criminal Law and Criminology, Sep., 1915, Vol. 6, No. 3 (Sep., 1915), pp. 363-369.
 
Hogan, Corinne
2019 Murder in the Medical School: The Parkman-Webster Case, Boston 1849-1850. Royal College of Surgeons of England (website), April 12, 2019, www.rcseng.ac.uk/library-and-publications/library/blog/murder-in-the-medical-school/.
 
Killgrove, Kristina
2016 How a Harvard Doctor’s Sordid Murder Launched Modern Forensic Anthropology. Forbes, August 26, 2016, www.forbes.com/sites/kristinakillgrove/ 2016/08/26/how-a-harvard-doctors-sordid-murder-launched-modern-forensic-anthropology/?sh=40b7bdaebe9f .
 
Manheim, Mary H.
1999 The Bone Lady. Penguin Books, New York, NY.
 
PBS
2003 The Murder of Dr. Parkman. American Experience, July 14, 2003, www.pbs.org/ wgbh/americanexperience/features/murder-dr-parkman/.
 
Popovici, Alice
2023 The Game Clue Was Borne of Boredom During WWII Air-Raid Blackouts. History.com, October 16, 2023, www.history.com/news/clue-game-origin-wwii.
 
Snow, Clyde Collins
1982 Forensic Anthropology. Annual Review of Anthropology, 1982, Vol. 11 (1982), pp. 97-131.
 
Whipple, Amy
2023 Forensic Anthropology Tools of the Trade. PBS, October 9, 2023, www.pbs.org/ independentlens/blog/forensic-anthropology-tools-of-the-trade/.
 

Episode 41: Man—It’s What’s for Dinner

Hey, Grandpa, what’s for supper?! The Two Humans try to keep it “tasteful” as they discuss the history of cannibalism. We’ll provide the fava beans, you bring the chianti.
Episode 41: Man—It’s What’s for Dinner
An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans
Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human.
http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com
https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542
IG @introtoanthrowith2humans
Resources:
 
Avramescu, Catalin
2009 An Intellectual History of Cannibalism (Alistair Ian Blyth, trans.). Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
 
Benjamin, Kathy
2013 Funerals to Die For: The Craziest, Creepiest, and Most Bizarre Funeral Traditions and Practices Ever. Adams Media, Avon MA.
 
Byard, Roger W.
2023 Cannibalism—Overview and Medicolegal Issues. Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology, Vol. 19(2), pp. 281-287, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/ PMC10328901/.
 
Camping-Harris, Marnie
2023 Cannibal King: What Exactly Were the King’s Drops? Retrospect Journal, February 19, 2023, retrospectjournal.com/2023/02/19/cannibal-king-what-exactly-were-the-kings-drops/.
 
Charnock, Richard Stephen
1866 Cannibalism in Europe. Journal of Anthropological Society of London, 1866, Vol. 4 (1866), pp. xxii-xxxi.
 
Chen, Angus
2017 Cannibalism: It’s ‘Perfectly Natural,’ A New Scientific History Argues. NPR, February 22, 2017, www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2017/02/22/515668867/ cannibalism-its-perfectly-natural-a-new-scientific-history-argues.
 
Eckholm, Erik
1986 What Is the Meaning of Cannibalism? The New York Times, December 9, 1986, www.nytimes.com/1986/12/09/science/what-is-the-meaning-of-cannibalism.html.
 
Feder, Kenneth L.  and Michael Alan Park
2007 Human Antiquity: An Introduction to Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, Fifth Edition. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY.
 
Hardon, Henry Winthrop
1886 The Case of the Mignonette. The Proceedings of the United States Naval Institute, Vol. 12/2/37, www.usni.org/magazines/proceedings/1886/april/case-mignonette.
 
King, C. Richard
2000 The (Mis)Uses of Cannibalism in Contemporary Cultural Critique. Diacritics, Spring, 2000, Vol. 30, No. 1 (Spring, 2000), pp. 106-123.
 
Lindenbaum, Shirley
2004 Thinking about Cannibalism. Annual Review of Anthropology, 2004, Vol. 33 (2004), pp. 475-498.
 
May, Natasha and Sharlotte Thou
2024 Kuru: Unravelling the Mystery that Left Entire Papua New Guinean Villages without Women. The Guardian, March 23, 2024, www.theguardian.com/world/ 2024/mar/24/tremors-before-death-unravelling-the-mystery-disease-that-left-entire-papua-new-guinean-villages-without-women?ref=upstract.com.
 
New England Historical Society
2023 The Boon Island Cannibals of Maine. The New England Historical Society, newenglandhistoricalsociety.com/the-boon-island-cannibals-of-maine/.
 
Petrinovich, Lewis
2000 The Cannibal Within. Taylor & Francis Group, Abingdon, UK.
 
Renfrew, Colin and Paul Bahn
2008 Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practice (Fifth Edition). Thames & Hudson, New York, NY.
 
Roberts, Alice
2018 Evolution: The Human Story (Second Edition). Dorling Kindersley, New York, NY.
 
Schutt, Bill 
2018 Cannibalism: A Perfectly Natural History. Algonquin Books, Chapel Hill, NC.
 
Thomas, Ben
2017 Eating People Is Wrong—But It’s Also Widespread and Sacred. SAPIENS, April 20, 2017, www.sapiens.org/biology/cannibalism-ritualized-sacred/.
 
Walters, Donna K. H.
1992 Beef Goes Back to Basics: New Advertising Shrugs Off Nutrition, Stresses Convenience. The Los Angeles Times, August 1, 1992, www.latimes.com/ archives/ la-xpm-1992-08-01-fi-4336-story.html.
 
Wetmore, Jr., Kevin J. 
2021 Eaters of the Dead: Myths and Realities of Cannibal Monsters. Reaktion Books Ltd., London, UK.
 
Worrall, Simon
2017 Cannibalism—the Ultimate Taboo—Is Surprisingly Common. National Geographic, February 19, 2017, www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/article/ cannibalism-common-natural-history-bill-schutt.

Episode 40: Pour Some Garum on Me

To celebrate their 40th episode, The Two Humans have an authentic Roman orgy…of food! Togas NOT required (in fact, they’re downright discouraged).
Episode 40: Pour Some Garum on Me
An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans
Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human.
http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542
IG @introtoanthrowith2humans
Resources:
 
Brown, Shelby
2012 Reclining and Dining (and Drinking) in Ancient Rome. Getty Iris, August 10, 2012, blogs.getty.edu/iris/reclining-and-dining-and-drinking-in-ancient-rome/.
 
Castleman, Michael
2018 Orgies through the Ages. Psychology Today, September 4, 2018, www.psychologytoday.com/gb/blog/all-about-sex/201809/orgies-through-the-ages.
 
Chrystal, Paul
2017 In Bed with the Romans. Amberley Publishing, Gloucestershire, UK.
 
Curry, Andrew
2008 The Gladiator Diet. Archaeology, November/December 2008, Vol. 61, No. 6 (November/December 2008), pp. 28-30.
 
De Rubeis, Marco Gavio
2020 Ancient Roman Cooking: Ingredients, Recipes, Sources. I Doni delle Muse – Historical Italian Cooking, Coppell, TX.
 
Duffy, Susanna
2022 Six Ancient Roman Recipes. Delishably, December 9, 2022, delishably.com/ world-cuisine/ancient-food-rome.
 
Iacob, Anisia
2022 Food and Culinary Customs in Ancient Rome. The Collector, March 24, 2022, www.thecollector.com/food-in-ancient-rome/.
 
Janssen, Ursula
2020 Garum: Recipes from the Past. Independently Published, Coppell, TX.
 
Marchetti, Silvia
2023 Lying Down and Vomiting between Courses: This Is How Ancient Romans Would Feast. CNN, December 24, 2023, edition.cnn.com/style/how-ancient-romans-feasted/index.html.
 
Martyris, Nina
2019 The Lavish Roman Banquet: A Calculated Display of Debauchery and Power. NPR, May 20, 2019, www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2019/05/20/712772285/the-lavish-roman-banquet-a-calculated-display-of-debauchery-and-power.
 
Masters, Steven
2023 Gastronomical Time Travel. JAM Cookbook Publishers, Coppell, TX.
 
Matyszak, Philip
2007 Ancient Rome on 5 Denarii a Day. Thames & Hudson Ltd., London, UK.
 
Migdol, Erin
2020 What Did Ancient Romans Eat? Getty Iris, November 20, 2020, www.getty.edu/ news/what-did-ancient-romans-eat/.
 
Raff, Katharine
2011 The Roman Banquet. MetMuseum.org, October 2011, www.metmuseum. org/toah/hd/banq/hd_banq.htm.
 
Raimer, Carla
2000 Ancient Roman Recipes. Nova, October 31, 2000, www.pbs.org/ wgbh/nova/article/roman-recipes/.
 
Sheldon, Natasha
2022 Ancient Roman Dining. History and Archaeology Online, July 21, 2022, historyandarchaeologyonline.com/ancient-roman-dining/.
 
Tavola Mediterranea
2023 Pistrinum by Tavola Mediterranea (website), tavolamediterranea.com /2022/04/19/pistrinum/.
 
Visser, Margaret
1991 The Rituals of Dinner: The Origins, Evolution, Eccentricities and Meaning of Table Manners. Grove Weidenfeld, New York, NY.
 

Episode 39: And It Stoned Me Just Like Jelly Roll: The Mind-Blowing Genius of Prehistoric Stone Tools

The Two Humans get totally stoned as they travel back in time to see what made prehistoric toolmakers so brilliant. Safety glasses and leather gloves required!
Episode 39: And It Stoned Me Just Like Jelly Roll: The Mind-Blowing Genius of Prehistoric Stone Tools
An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans
Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human.
http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com
https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542
IG @introtoanthrowith2humans
Resources:
Ambrose, Stanley H. 
2010 Coevolution of Composite-Tool Technology, Constructive Memory, and Language: Implications for the Evolution of Modern Human Behavior. Current Anthropology, Vol. 51, Working Memory: Beyond Language and Symbolism (June 2010), pp. S135-S147.
Balter, Michael
2015 World’s Oldest Stone Tools Discovered in Kenya. Science, April 14, 2015, www.science.org/content/article/world-s-oldest-stone-tools-discovered-kenya.
Bradley, Bruce 
1999 Flintknapping with Bruce Bradley [DVD]. Interpark, Inc.
Cotterell, Brian and Johan Kaminga
1987 The Formation of Flakes. American Antiquity, Vol. 52, No. 4 (Oct., 1987), pp. 675-708.
De la Torre, Ignacio
2011 The Origins of Stone Tool Technology in Africa: A Historical Perspective. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, April 12, 2011; 366 (1567), pp. 1028-1037, royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rstb.2010.0350.
Feder, Kenneth L.  and Michael Alan Park
2007 Human Antiquity: An Introduction to Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, Fifth Edition. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY.
Frison, George C.
1989 Experimental Use of Clovis Weaponry and Tools on African Elephants. American Antiquity, Oct., 1989, Vol. 54, No. 4 (Oct., 1989), pp. 766-784.
Greene, Kevin and Tom Moore
2010 Archaeology: An Introduction (Fifth Edition). Routledge, Abingdon, UK.
Greenfield, Haskel J.
2006 Slicing Cut Marks on Animal Bones: Diagnostics for Identifying Stone Tool Type and Raw Material. Journal of Field Archaeology, Vol. 31, No. 2 (Summer 2006), pp. 147-163.
Haviland, William A., Dana Walrath, Harold E. L. Prins, and Bunny McBride
2011 Evolution and Prehistory: The Human Challenge, Nineth Edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, Belmont, CA.
Huber, Chris
2023 The Meaning of Van Morrison’s ‘And It Stoned Me.’ Extra Chill, April 1, 2023, extrachill.com/van-morrison-and-it-stoned-me-meaning.
Kottak, Conrad Phillip 
2011 Cultural Appreciation: Appreciating Cultural Diversity (Fourteenth Edition). McGraw-Hill, New York, NY.
Louys, Julien and Thomas Plummer
2023 We Found 2.9-million-year-old Stone Tools Used to Butcher Ancient Hippos – But Likely Not by Our Ancestors. The Leakey Foundation, February 10, 2023, leakeyfoundation.org/we-found-2-9-million-year-old-stone-tools/.
Little, Rebecca
2024 The Meaning Behind the Song: And It Stoned Me. Old Time Music, February 9, 2024, oldtimemusic.com/w3/the-meaning-behind-the-song-it-stoned-me-by-van-morrison/.
Metcalfe, Tom
2023 3-million-year-old Stone Tools Found, and Our Ancestors Likely Didn’t Make Them. National Geographic, February 10, 2023, www.nationalgeographic.co.uk/ history-and-civilisation/2023/02/3-million-year-old-stone-tools-found-and-our-ancestors-likely-didnt-make-them.
Patterson, Leland w.
1983 Criteria for Determining the Attributes of Man-Made Lithics. Journal of Field Archaeology, Vol. 10, No. 3 (Autumn, 1983), pp. 297-307.
Renfrew, Colin and Paul Bahn
2008 Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practice (Fifth Edition). Thames & Hudson, New York, NY.
Roberts, Alice
2018 Evolution: The Human Story (Second Edition). Dorling Kindersley, New York, NY.
Toth, Nicholas and Kathy Schick
2009 The Oldowan: The Tool Making of Early Hominins and Chimpanzees Compared. Annual Review of Anthropology, 2009, Vol. 38 (2009), pp. 289-298.
Whittaker, John C.
1994 Flintknapping: Making & Understanding Stone Tools. University of Texas Press, Austin, TX.
 

Episode 38: “Can’t You Make Him a Pair of Marble Underwear?”: Is It Art or Is It Pornography?

Is it possible for a 2000-year-old statue to be “hot”? The Two Humans put on their trench coats and head to the art museum to find out the real reason we’re not allowed to fondle—I mean, touch—the artwork.
Episode 38: “Can’t You Make Him a Pair of Marble Underwear?”: Is It Art or Is It Pornography?
An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans
Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human.
http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542
IG @introtoanthrowith2humans
 
Resources:
 
Artfinder
2024 So, What’s the Difference between Art and Porn? Artfinder, accessed March 2, 2024, www.artfinder.com/blog/post/art-vs-porn/#/.
 
Cohen, Alina
2018 What’s the Line between Art and Pornography? Artsy.net, April 3, 2018, www.artsy.net/article/artsy-editorial-art-pornography.
 
Dennis, Kelly
2009 Art/Porn: A History of Seeing and Touching. Berg, Oxford, UK.
 
Eko, Lyombe
2016 The Regulation of Sex-Themed Visual Imagery: From Clay Tablets to Tablet Computers. Palgrave Macmillan, Houndmills, UK.
 
Hunt, Lynn
1993 Introduction: Obscenity and the Origins of Modernity, 1500-1800. The Invention of Pornography: Obscenity and the Origins of Modernity, 1500-1800 (ed. Lynn Hunt). Zone Books, New York. 
 
Jones, Stefanie Dion
2009 Art or Porn? Professor’s Book Suggests Distinction Not Always Clear. UConn Today, October 6, 2009, today.uconn.edu/2009/10/art-or-porn-professor’s-book-suggests-distinction-not-always-clear/.
 
Kim, Juliana
2023 A Principal Is Fired, Invited to Italy after Students Are Shown Michelangelo’s ‘David.’ NPR, March 27, 2023, www.npr.org/2023/03/27/1166079167/ tallahassee-classical-michelangelo-david-principal-fired.
 
Laqueur, Thomas
2003 Solitary Sex: A Cultural History of Masturbation. Zone Books, New York, NY.
 
Nead, Lynda
1990 The Female Nude: Pornography, Art, and Sexuality. Signs, Winter, 1990, Vol. 15, No. 2 (Winter, 1990), pp. 323-335.
1992 The Female Nude: Art, Obscenity and Sexuality. Routledge, London, UK.
 
Professor Lise
2019 Art 101: What’s the Difference between Porn and Art? CBC, March 19, 2019, www.cbc.ca/arts/art-101-what-s-the-difference-between-porn-and-art-1.5062752.
 
Rea, Michael C.
2001 What is Pornography? Nous, Mar., 2001, Vol. 35, No. 1 (Mar., 2001), pp. 118-145.
 
The Gallerist
2020 What Is the Difference between Art, Erotica, and Pornography? The Gallerist, April 8, 2020, thegallerist.art/sacred-sexuality-erotica-vs-pornography/.
 
Yang, Maya
2023 Florida Principal Resigns after Parents Decry Michelangelo’s David as Pornography. The Guardian, March 25, 2023, www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/mar/25/florida-principal-resigns-michelangelo-david.

Episode 37: What’s That on Your Face?! News and Notes about Noses

The Two Humans dig deep as they probe everything nasal, from picking your nose to nose jobs. You better have a tissue handy (and it’s not for tears)!
Episode 37: What’s That on Your Face?! News and Notes about Noses
An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans
Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human.
http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542
IG @introtoanthrowith2humans
Resources:
Gilman, Sander L.
1999 Making the Body Beautiful: A Cultural History of Aesthetic Surgery. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
Glaser, Gabrielle
2002 The Nose: A Profile of Sex, Beauty, and Survival. Atria Books, New York, NY.
Goldman, Jason G.
2015 Why Do We Pick Our Nose? BBC, February 2, 2015, www.bbc.com/ future/article/20150202-why-do-we-pick-our-nose.
Gould, Francesca
2007 Why You Shouldn’t Eat Your Boogers. G. P. Putnam’s Sons, New York, NY.
Haviland, William A., Dana Walrath, Harald E. L. Prins, and Bunny McBride
2011 Evolution and Prehistory: The Human Challenge. Wadsworth Cengage Learning, Belmont, CA.
Holland, Kimberly
2019 Is It Dangerous for Me to Pick My Nose, and How Do I Stop? Healthline, March 22, 2019, www.healthline.com/health/nose-picking.
Jabet, George
1859 Notes on Noses. Richard Bentley, London, UK.
Macgregor, Frances
1967 Social and Cultural Components in the Motivations of Persons Seeking Plastic Surgery. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Jun., 1967, Vol. 8, No. 2 (Jun., 1967), pp. 125-135.
Messer, A’ndrea Elyse
2017 Nose Form Was Shaped by Climate. ScienceDaily, March 16, 2017, www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/03/170316141054.htm.
Nall, Rachel
2023 Is It Bad to Eat Your Boogers? Healthline, September 25, 2023, www.healthline.com/health/eating-boogers.
Panko, Ben
2017 How Climate Helped Shape Your Nose. Smithsonian Magazine, March 16, 2017, www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/how-climate-changed-shape-your-nose-180962567/.
Pease, Arthur Stanley
1911 The Omen of Sneezing. Classical Philology, Oct., 1911, Vol. 6, No. 4 (Oct., 1911), pp. 429-443.
Van der Horst, Pieter W.
2013 The Omen of Sneezing. Ancient Society, 2013, Vol. 43 (2013), pp. 213-221.
Wallis, Wilson D.
1919 The Romance and the Tragedy of Sneezing. The Scientific Monthly, Dec., 1919, Vol. 9, No. 6 (Dec., 1919), pp. 526-538.
Werner, R.
1973 Nose Flute Blowers of the Malayan Aborigines (Orang Asli). Anthropos, 1973, Bd. 68, H. 1./2. (1973), pp. 181-191.
Wu, Katherine
2020 Don’t Pick Your Nose, 15th-Century Manners Book Warns. Smithsonian Magazine, February 27, 2020, www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/dont-pick-your-nose-15th-century-manners-book-warns-180974291/.
Zaidi, Arslan A., Brooke C. Mattern, Peter Claes, Brian McEcoy, Cris Hughes, and Mark D. Shriver
2017 Investigating the Case of Human Nose Shape and Climate. Plos Genetics, March 16, 2017, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5354252/
 

Episode 36: Alpha Schmalpha! You’re Not My Real Daddy!

Who’s the peck-er and who’s the peck-ee? Get ready for biting and scratching as The Two Humans take on pecking orders and alpha males.
Episode 36: Alpha Schmalpha! You’re Not My Real Daddy!
An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans
Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human.
http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com
https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542
IG @introtoanthrowith2humans
Resources:
Beau, Elle
2021 The Man Who Helped Popularize the Term ‘Alpha Male’ Says You Are Using It All Wrong.” Medium, October 4, 2021, medium.com/inside-of-elle-beau/the-man-who-helped-popularize-the-term-alpha-male-says-you-are-using-it-all-wrong-131c97d83929.
Beres, Derek
2023 What Is a Man? Even Darwin Rejected the Myth of the ‘Alpha Male.’ Salon, July 11, 2023, www.salon.com/2023/07/11/what-is-a-man-even-darwin-rejected-the-myth-of-the-alpha-male/.
Burnett, Dean
2016 Do Alpha Males Even Exist? The Guardian, October 10, 2016, www.theguardian. com /science/brain-flapping/2016/oct/10/do-alpha-males-even-exist-donald-trump.
De Waal, Frans
1982 Chimpanzee Politics: Power and Sex among Apes. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD. 
2005 Our Inner Ape: The Best and Worst of Human Nature. Granta Publications, London, UK.
2009 The Age of Empathy: Nature’s Lessons for a Kinder Society. Three Rivers Press, New York, NY.
De Waal, Frans and Frans Lanting
1997 Bonobo: The Forgotten Ape. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA. Galchen, Rivka 2023 the Myth of the Alpha Wolf. The New Yorker, March 25, 2023, www.newyorker. com/science/elements/the-myth-of-the-alpha-wolf#:~:text.
Harvey, Karen
2005 The History of Masculinity, circa 1650-1800. Journal of British Studies, Vol. 44, No. 2 (April 2005), pp. 296-311.
Letzer, Rafi
2016 There’s No Such Thing as an Alpha Male. Yahoo! Finance, October 12, 2016, finance.yahoo.com/news/theres-no-thing-alpha-male-200742665.html.
Marks, Jonathan
2002 What It Means to Be 98% Chimpanzee: Apes, People, and Their Genes. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA.
Mehta, Vinita
2014 Are Alpha Males a Myth or a Reality? Psychology Today, December 4, 2014, www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/head-games/201412/are-alpha-males-myth-or-reality.
Nye, Robert A.
2007 Western Masculinities in War and Peace. The American Historical Review, Apr., 2007, Vol. 112, No. 2 (Apr., 2007), pp. 417-438.
Pappas, Stephanie
2023 Is the Alpha Wolf Idea a Myth? Scientific American, February 28, 2023, www.scientificamerican.com/article/is-the-alpha-wolf-idea-a-myth/.
Perry, Susan
1998 Male-Male Social Relationships in Wild White-Faced Capuchins, Cebus capucinus. Behaviour, Mar., 1998, Vol. 135, No. 2 (Mar., 1998), pp. 139-172.
Sapolsky, Robert M.
2017 Behave: The Biology of Humans at Our Best and Worst. Penguin Books, New York, NY.
Singal, Jesse
2016 How America Became Infatuate with a Cartoonish Idea of ‘Alpha Males.’ New York Magazine, May 18, 2016, nymag.com/tags/alpha-males/. Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History
2023 What Does It Mean to Be Human? Humanorigins.si.edu, humanorigins.si.edu/ evidence/genetics#:~:text=The%201.2%25%20chimp-human%20distinction, that%20chimpanzees%20and%20humans%20share.
Thomsen, Ruth
2000 Sperm Competition and the Function of Masturbation in Japanese Macaques (Macaca Fuscata) (dissertation). Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen, October 2000.
Zuk, Marlene
2002 Sexual Selections: What We Can and Can’t Learn about Sex from Animals. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA.

Episode 35: Pinkies Up, Elbows Down

The Two Humans push in their chairs and sit up straight as they discuss the importance of dining etiquette. Unfortunately, they still speak with their mouths full.
Episode 35: Pinkies Up, Elbows Down
An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans
Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human.
http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com
https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542
IG @introtoanthrowith2humans
Resources:
Beechey, Alan and Gina Teague
2023 USA: The Essential Guide to Customs & Culture. Kuperard, London, UK.
Chrisman, Sarah A.
2015 True Ladies and Proper Gentleman: Victorian Etiquette for Modern-Day Mothers and Fathers, Husbands and Wives, Boys and Girls, Teachers and Students and More (Sarah Chrisman, ed.). Skyhorse Publishing, New York, NY.
Cooper, Eugene
1986 Chinese Table Manners: You Are How You Eat. Human Organization, Summer 1986, Vol. 45, No. 2 (Summer 1986), pp. 179-184.
Devlin, Thomas Moore
2018 Is It Appropriate to Burp in Other Countries? Babbel Magazine, July 20, 2018, www.babbel.com/en/magazine/burp-internationally.
Donaghey, Eileen
2020 Should I Stick My Pinkie Finger Out When I Drink Tea? The Afternoon Tea Expert, January 27, 2020, www.afternoonteaexpert.co.uk/bio.
Erasmus, Desiderius
2008 A Handbook on Good Manners for Children (Eleanor Merchant, trans.). Random House, London, UK.
Gillum, Jack and Stephen Braun
2015 Schock Repays Government 40k for ‘Downton Abbey’ Office Décor. PBS News, February 28, 2015, www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/illinois-congressman-reimburses-government-office-renovations.
Gottsman, Diane
2017 Modern Etiquette for a Better Life: Master All Social and Business Exchanges. Page Street Publishing Co., Salem, MA.
Maurice, Paul
2020 Dining with Darcy: Etiquette in the Era of Jane Austen. NikNak Publishing, Coppell, TX. Morton, Mark 2007 Table Manners. Gastronomica, Vol. 7, No. 2 (Spring 2007), pp. 6-8.
Terris, Ben
2015 He’s Got a ‘Downton Abbey’-Inspired Office, but Rep. Aaron Schock Won’t Talk about It. The Washington Post, February 2, 2015, www.washingtonpost.com/ lifestyle/style/hes-got-a-downton-abbey-inspired-office-but-rep-aaron-schock-wont-talk-about-it/2015/02/02/1d3f1466-ab1f-11e4-abe8-e1ef60ca26de_story.html.
Visser, Margaret
1991 The Rituals of Dinner: The Origins, Evolution, Eccentricities and Meaning of Table Manners. Grove Weidenfeld, New York, NY.

Episode 34: Who’s Biting Who? Humans’ Lust for Vampires

Grab the garlic and sharpen the stakes! In this episode, The Two Humans are going vampire hunting!
Episode 34: Who’s Biting Who? Humans’ Lust for Vampires 
An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans
Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human.
www.intro2anthro.podbean.com
https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542
IG @introtoanthrowith2humans
Resources:
Bohn, Thomas M.
2019 The Vampire: Origins of a European Myth. Berghahn Books, New York, NY.
 
Byron, Lord George Gordon
1814 The Giaour (A Fragment of a Turkish Tale). Thomas Davison, London, UK.
 
Fenn, Violet
2021 A History of the Vampire in Popular Culture: Love at First Bite. Pen and Sword History, Barnsley, England.
 
Holte, James Craig
1999 A Century of Draculas. Journal of the Fantastic in the Arts, 1999, Vol. 10, No. 2 (38), A Century of Draculas (1999), pp. 109-114.
 
Hudson, Dale
2013 “Of Course There Are Werewolves and Vampires”: “True Blood” and the Right to Rights for Other Species. American Quarterly, September 2013, Vol. 65, No. 3, Special Issue: Species/Race/Sex (September 2013), pp. 661-687.
 
Jenkins, Mark Collins
2010 Vampire Forensics: Uncovering the Origins of an Enduring Legend. National Geographic, Washington, DC.
 
Kemp, Sam 
2022 The Strange Tale of the Highgate Vampire. Far Out Magazine, August 4, 2022, faroutmagazine.co.uk/strange-tale-of-highgate-vampire/.
 
Le Fanu, Joseph Sheridan
2023 Carmilla. Digital Wealth Group, Sheridan, WY.
 
Mayo Clinic
2023 Porphyria. Mayo Clinic, April 5, 2023, www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/porphyria/symptoms-causes/syc-20356066.
 
Newman, Tim
2018 Vampires and Rabies: What’s the Link. Medical News Today, www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/321780.
 
Polidori, John William
2013 The Vampyre. SMK Books.
 
Stevenson, John Allen
1988 A Vampire in the Mirror: The Sexuality of Dracula. PMLA, Mar., 1988, Vol. 103, No. 2 (Mar., 1988), pp. 139-149.
 
Stoker, Bram
1992 Dracula. Barnes & Noble Books, New York, NY.
 
Vogel, Gretchen
1998 Were Vampires Rabid? Science, September 21, 1998, www.science.org/ content/article/were-vampires-rabid.
 
Voltaire
2020 The Complete Works of Voltaire. Shrine of Knowledge, eBook.
 
Wilson, Katharina M.
1985 The History of the Word “Vampire.” Journal of the History of Ideas, Oct. – Dec., 1985, Vol. 46, No. 4 (Oct. – Dec., 1985), pp. 577-583. 
 

Episode 33: Wild Child in the City, the Perils of Being Feral

The Two Humans do their best Tarzans as they look at the myth and mystery of feral children. Loincloths optional.
Episode 33: Wild Child in the City: The Perils of Being Feral
An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans
Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human.
www.intro2anthro.podbean.com
https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542
IG @introtoanthrowith2humans
Resources:
Andrei, Mihai
2023 Feral Children: Mind-Blowing Cases of Children Raised by Animals. ZME Science, October 9, 2023, www.zmescience.com/feature-post/culture/bizarre-stories/feral-children/.
 
Aroles, Serge
2007 L’Enigme des enfants-loups : Une certitude biologique mais un déni des archives 1304 – 1954. Editions Publibook, Paris, France.
 
Bettelheim, Bruno
1959 Feral Children and Autistic Children. American Journal of Sociology, Mar., 1959, Vol. 64, No. 5 (Mar., 1959), pp. 455-467.
 
Bumiller, Elisabeth
1985 The Mystery of the Wolf Boy. The Washington Post, April 21, 1985, www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1985/04/21/the-mystery-of-the-wolf-boy/4c729f3c-3617-4cae-8008-361f32c074b1/.
 
Candland, Douglas Keith
1993 Feral Children and Clever Animals: Reflections on Human Nature. Oxford University Press, New York, NY.
 
Carroll, Rory
2016 Starved, Tortured, Forgotten: Genie, The Feral Child Who Left a Mark on Researchers. The Guardian, July 14, 2016, www.theguardian.com/ society/2016/jul/14/genie-feral-child-los-angeles-researchers.
 
DeGregory, Lane
2021 The Girl in the Window. The Tampa Bay Times, August 21, 2011, projects.tampabay.com/projects/girl-in-the-window/.
 
McNeil, Mary Charles, Edward A. Polloway, and J. David Smith
1984 Feral and Isolated Children: Historical Review and Analysis. Education and Training of the Mentally Retarded, February 1984, Vol. 19, No. 1 (February 1984), pp. 70-79.
 
Newton, Michael
2002 Savage Girls and Wild Boys: A History of Feral Children. Picador, New York, NY.
 
Schwarz, Caitlin
2016 The Feral Child: Blurring the Boundary between the Human and the Animal. Animals & Society Institute, Vol. 2, No. 1, Winter 2016, www.animalsandsociety. org/research/sloth/sloth-volume-2-no-1-winter-2016/7365-2/.
 
Sprehe, J. Timothy
1961 Feral Man and the Social Animal. The American Catholic Sociological Review, Summer, 1961, Vol. 22, No. 2 (Summer, 1961), pp. 161-167.
 
Stewart, Will
2019 Man raised by a pack of stray DOGS as a child reveals how they saved his life by keeping him warm and sharing their food with him—before Russian officials killed the animals. DailyMail.com, May 23, 2019, www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-7062899/Russian-man-raised-dogs-reveals-street-strays-saved-life.html.
 
Wicherink, Bram
2010 Tarzan! The Untamed Image of the Perfect Savage. Etnofoor, 2010, Vol. 22, No. 2, New Savages (2010), pp. 90-97.
 
Yousef, Nancy
2001 Savage or Solitary?: The Wild Child and Rousseau’s Man of Nature. Journal of the History of Ideas, Apr., 2001, Vol. 62 (Apr., 2001), pp. 245-263.
 
Zingg, Robert M.
1940 Feral Man and Extreme Cases of Isolation. The American Journal of Psychology, Oct., 1940, Vol. 53, No. 4 (Oct., 1940), pp. 487-517. 
 

Episode 32: Holding Hands and Pitchin’ Woo

Grab your chaperone and pour the lemonade! In this episode, The Two Suitors come a-callin’ and take a look at dating and courtship throughout history. Aw shucks, ain’t they sweet!
Episode 32: Holding Hands and Pitchin’ Woo
An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans
Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human.
www.intro2anthro.podbean.com
https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542
IG @introtoanthrowith2humans
Resources:
Bailey, Beth L.
1988 From Front Porch to Back Seat: Courtship in Twentieth-Century America. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD.
 
Brown, Susan L. and Sayaka K. Shinohara
2013 Dating Relationships in Older Adulthood: A National Portrait. Journal of Marriage and Family, October 2013, Vol. 75, No. 5 (October 2013), pp. 1194-1202.
 
Escasa-Dorne, Michelle and William Jankowiak
2018 Do Women Really Desire Casual Sex? Analysis of a Popular Online Dating/Liaison Site. Focality and Extension in Kinship: Essays in Memor of Harold W. Scheffler (ed. Warren Shapiro). Australian National University, Acton, Australia.
 
Finkel, Eli J., Paul W. Eastwick, Benjamin R. Karney, Harry Reis, and Susan Sprecher
2012 Online Dating: A Critical Analysis from the Perspectives of Psychological Science. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, January 2012, Vol. 13, No. 1 (January 2012), pp. 3-66.
 
Hodgson, Nichi
2017 The Curious History of Dating: From Jane Austen to Tinder. Robinson, London, UK.
 
Nodell, Jacque
2018 How to Go Steady: Timeless Dating Advice, Wisdom, and Lessons from Vintage Romance Comics. Sequential Crush, Chatttanooga, TN.
 
O’Donnell, Tania
2017 A History of Courtship: 800 Years of Seduction. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, NY.
 
Reid, Julie A., Gretchen R. Webber, and Sinikka Elliott
2011 Casual Hookups to Formal Dates: Refining the Boundaries of the Sexual Double Standard. Gender and Society, October 2011, Vol. 25, No. 5 (October 2011), pp. 545-568.
2015 “It’s Like Being in Church and Being on a Field Trip:” The Date Versus Party Situation in College Students’ Accounts of Hooking Up. Symbolic Interaction, Vol. 38, No. 2 (May 2015), pp. 175-194.
 

Episode 31: Footbags, Mules, and Wellies, the Two Humans Salute the Shoe

Calling all toe-knobs, sneakers and clogs! In this episode, The Two Humans finally give shoes their due as they celebrate the cultural significance of footwear.
Episode 31: Footbags, Mules and Wellies: The Two Humans Salute the Shoe
An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans
Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human.
www.intro2anthro.podbean.com
https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542
IG @introtoanthrowith2humans
Resources:
Beard, Tyler
1992 The Cowboy Boot Book. Peregrine Smith Books, Salt Lake City, UT.
 
Bretana, Raissa
2021 Shoes. Abbeville Press Publishers, New York, NY.
 
Costello, Jessica
2014 Tracing the Footsteps of Ritual: Concealed Footwear in America. Historical Archaeology, 2014, Vol. 48, No. 3, Manifestations of Magic: The Archaeology and Material Culture of Folk Religion (2014), pp. 35-51.
 
Dabashi, Hamid
2013 The Arabs and their Flying Shoes. Al Jazeera, February 26, 2013, www.aljazeera. com/opinions/2013/2/26/the-arabs-and-their-flying-shoes.
 
Duke, Alan
2013 Why Shoe Throwing Is “Incredibly Offensive.” CNN, February 7, 2013, www.cnn.com/2013/02/06/world/meast/shoe-throwing-significance/index.html.
 
Geggel, Laura
2023 ‘Outstanding’ 2,200-Year-Old Child’s Shoe Discovered Deep Underground in Austrian Mine. Live Science, September 18, 2023, www.livescience.com/ archaeology/outstanding-2200-year-old-childs-shoe-discovered-deep-underground-in-austrian-mine.
 
Hall, Joseph Sparkes
1847 The Book of the Feet: A History of Boots and Shoes. William H. Graham, New York, NY.
 
Miner, Dylan A. T.
2009 Provocations on Sneakers: The Multiple Significations of Athletic Shoes, Sport, Race, and Masculinity. The New Centennial Review, Fall 2009, Vol. 9, No. 2 (Fall 2009), pp. 73-107.
 
O’Keeffe, Linda
1996 Shoes: A Celebration of Pumps, Platforms, Sandals and Slippers, Boots, Mules, Sneakers, and More. Workman Publishing, New York, NY.
 
Radley, Dario
2023 Ancient Footprints Suggest Humans May Have Worn Shoes More Than 100,000 Years Ago. Archaeology News Online Magazine, September 12, 2023, archaeologymag.com/2023/09/humans-may-have-worn-shoes-148000-years-ago/.
 
Shawcross, Rebecca
2014 Shoes: An Illustrated History. Bloomsbury Visual Arts, London, UK.
 
Smith, Patrick
2023 The World’s Oldest Shoes? Sandals Found in Bat Cave Are Thousands of Years Old, Study Finds. NBCNews.com, September 29, 2023, www.nbcnews.com/ news/world/worlds-oldest-shoes-sandals-found-bat-cave-spain-granada-rcna118012.
 
Wan, Taufiq
2018 Insultingly Newsworthy: Arabs and their Shoes. The New Arab, March 31, 2018, www.newarab.com/opinion/insultingly-newsworthy-flying-shoes-and-their-unsuspecting-victims.
 
White, Robyn
2023 Extremely Well-Preserved Iron Age Child’s Shoe Discovered. MSN.com, September 1, 2023.
 

Episode 30: Free Willy or Free Won’ty, Free Will, Will Power and the Real Reason Why Little Willy Won’t Go Home

Do you have free will or is everything you do pre-determined? You’ll find out if you tune in to this episode OR you’ll find out if you don’t tune in to this episode.
Episode 30: Free Willy or Free Won’ty: Free Will, Will Power, and the Real Reason Why Little Willy Won’t Go Home
An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans
Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human.
www.intro2anthro.podbean.com
https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542
IG @introtoanthrowith2humans
Resources:
Bregadze, Ksenia
2023 A Fresh Look at Free Will: Challenging the Libet Paradigm. Neuroscience News, August 4, 2023, neurosciencenews.com/libet-free-will-23756/.
Buccella, Alessandra and Tomas Dominik
2023 Free Will Is Only an Illusion If You Are, Too. Scientific American, January 16, 2023, www.scientificamerican.com/article/free-will-is-only-an-illusion-if-you-are-too/.
Hoch, Stephen J. and George F. Loewenstein
1991 Time-Inconsistent Preferences and Consumer Self-Control. Journal of Consumer Research, Mar., 1991, Vol. 17, No. 4 (Mar., 1991), pp. 492-507.
Kane, Robert
2005 A Contemporary Introduction to Free Will. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
Lavazza, Andrea
2016 Free Will and Neuroscience: From Explaining Freedom Away to New Ways of Operationalizing and Measuring It. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, June 1, 2016, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4887467/.
Mahoney, Michael J. and Carl E. Thoresen
1992 Behavioral Self Control: Power to the Person. Educational Researcher, Oct., 1972, Vol. 1, No. 10 (Oct., 1972), pp. 5-7.
Mele, Alfred R.
2022 Free Will: An Opinionated Guide. Oxford University Press, New York, NY.
Nahmias, Eddy, Corey Hill Allen, and Bradley Loveall
2020 When Do Robots Have Free Will? Exploring Relationships between (Attribution of) Consciousness and Free Will. Free Will, Causality, and Neuroscience (eds. Bernard Feltz, Marcus Missal and Andrew Sims), Brill, Leiden, Netherlands, pp. 57-80.
Ogletree, Shirley Matile and Crystal D. Oberle
2008 The Nature, Common Usage, and Implications of Free Will and Determinism. Behavior and Philosophy, 2008, Vo. 36 (2008), pp. 97-111.
Pink, Thomas
2004 Free Will: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
Sapolsky, Robert M.
2017 Behave: The Biology of Humans at Our Best and Worst. Penguin Books, New York, NY. 
2023 Determined: A Science of Life without Free Will. Penguin Press, New York, NY.
Seifert, Josef
2011 In Defense of Free Will: A Critique of Benjamin Libet. The Review of Metaphysics, December 2011, Vol. 65, No. 2 (December 2011), pp. 377-407.
Slote, Michael A.
1980 Understanding Free Will. The Journal of Philosophy, Mar., 1980, Vol. 77, No. 3 (Mar., 1980), pp. 136-151.
Stampe, Dennis W. and Martha I. Gibson
1992 Of One’s Own Free Will. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, Sep., 1992, Vol. 52, No. 3 (Sep., 1992), pp. 529-556.
Thorner, Isidor
1951 The New Year’s Resolution and Ascetic Protestantism. Social Forces, Vol. 30, No. 1 (Oct., 1951), pp. 102-107.
 

Episode 29: The In Crowd, the Relationship Between Taste, Popularity, and Status

You’ve heard about the sweet smell of success? Well, get ready to taste it, as well! The Two Humans discuss how “good” taste and “bad” taste determine our place in the social hierarchy. This episode is yummy good!
Episode 29: The In Crowd: The Relationship between Taste, Popularity, and Status
An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans
Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human.
www.intro2anthro.podbean.com
https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542
IG @introtoanthrowith2humans
Resources:
Bloom, Paul
2010 How Pleasure Works. W. W. Norton & Company, New York, NY.
 
Gasser, Nolan
2019 Why You Like It: The Science & Culture of Musical Taste. Flatiron Books, New York, NY.
 
Gronow, Jukka
1993 Taste and Fashion: The Social Function of Fashion and Style. Acta Sociologica, 1993, Vol. 36, No. 2 (1993), pp. 89-100.
 
Korsmeyer, Carolyn
2013 Complexities of Taste. Etnofoor, 2013, Vol. 25, No. 1, Gold (2013), pp. 111-116.
 
Marx, W. David
2022 Status and Culture: How Our Desire for Social Rank Creates Taste, Identity, Art, Fashion, and Constant Change. Viking, New York, NY.
 
Menand, Louis
2016 What It Is Like to Me. The New Yorker, June 13, 2016, www.newyorker.com/ magazine/2016/06/20/art-and-taste-in-the-internet-age.
 
Spronk, Rachel and Christien Klaufus
2012 Introduction: Taste. Etnofoor, 2012, Vol. 24, No. 2, Taste (2012), pp. 7-11.
 
Sullivan, Bill
2019 Why We Like What We Like: A Scientist’s Surprising Findings. National Geographic, September 2019, www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/why-we-like-what-we-like-a-scientists-surprising-findings.
 
Vanderbilt, Tom
2013 Why You Like What You Like. Smithsonian Magazine, June 2013, www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/why-you-like-what-you-like-73470150/.
2016 The Secret of Taste: Why We Like What We Like. The Guardian, June 22, 2016, www.theguardian.com/science/2016/jun/22/secret-of-taste-why-we-like-what-we-like.
2016 You May Also Like: Taste in an Age of Endless Choice. Alfred A. Knopf, New York, NY.
 
 

Episode 28: Please Don’t Touch! Mumblings and Musings on Museums

Be sure to have your permission slips signed and your lunches packed, in this episode The Two Humans take us on a field trip to the art museum. Please stay in line and keep your hands by your sides!
Episode 28: Please Don’t Touch! Mumblings and Musings on Museums
An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans
Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human.
www.intro2anthro.podbean.com
https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542
IG @introtoanthrowith2humans
Resources:
Auricchio, Laura
2002 Pahin de la Blancherie’s Commercial Cabinet of Curiosity (1779-87). Eighteenth-Century Studies, Fall, 2002, Vol. 36, No. 1, Contested Exhibitions (Fall, 2002) pp. 47-61.
 
Boyd, Willard L.
1999 Museums as Centers of Controversy. Daedalus, Summer, 1999, Vol. 128, No. 3, America’s Museums (Summer 1999), pp. 185-228.
 
Bringley, Patrick
2023 All the Beauty in the World: The Metropolitan Museum of Art and Me. Simon & Schuster, New York, NY.
 
Conn, Steven
2010 Do Museums Still Need Objects? University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, PA.
 
Daily Mail
2010 Clumsy Art Loer Smashes into 80-Million-Pound Picasso Paining in U.S. Museum…Leaving a Six-Inch Gash. Daily Mail, January 26, 2010, www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1245910/Picassos-The-Actor-painting-damaged-student-Metropolitan-Museum-New-York.html.
 
Falk, John H.
2009 Identity and the Museum Visitor Experience. Routledge, London, UK.
 
Farrant, Theo
2023 ‘The Artwork Is Not Guilty’: Swiss Museum Unveils Controversial Nazi Era Collection. Euronews.com, November 13, 2023, https://www.euronews.com/ culture /2023/11/13/the-artwork-is-not-guilty-swiss-museum-unveils-controversial-nazi-era-collection.
 
Glover, Ella
2021 Artwork Damaged by Couple Who Thought Brushes and Paint in Front of Piece Were for Visitors’ Use. Independent, April 7, 2021, www.independent.co.uk /asia/east-asia/graffiti-art-accidental-damage-seoul-b1826626.html.
 
Greene, Kevin and Tom Moore
2010 Archaeology: An Introduction, Fifth Edition. Routledge, London, UK. 
 
Harris, Gareth
2023 Parthenon Marbles Deal Still on the Table Despite British Museum Theft Scandal. The Art Newspaper, August 28, 2023, https://www.theartnewspaper. com/2023/08/28/parthenon-marbles-deal-still-on-the-table-despite-british-museum-theft-scandal. 
 
Herle, Anita
1997 Museums, Politics and Representation. Journal of Museum Ethnography, May 1997, No. 9 (May 1997), pp. 65-78.
 
Jefferson, Thomas and Joyce Henri Robinson
1995 An American Cabinet of Curiosities: Thomas Jefferson’s “Indian Hall at Monticello.” Winterthur Portfolio, Spring 1995, Vol. 30, No. 1 (Spring, 1995), pp. 41-58.
 
Johnson, Anna, Kimberly A. Huber, Nancy Cutler Meliss Bingman, and Tim Grove
2017 The Museum Educator’s Manual: Educators Share Successful Techniques (Second Edition). Rowman & Littlefield, Lanham, MD.
Judkis, Maura
2023 A Museum’s Historic Human Remains Are Now The Center of An Ethics Clash. The Washington Post, July 27, 2023, www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/ 2023/07/26/mutter-museum-controversy-philadelphia/.
 
Kaplan, Isaac
2017 How Long Do You Need to Look at a Work of Art to Get It? Artsy.net, January 25, 2017, www.artsy.net/article/artsy-editorial-long-work-art-it.
 
Kohlstedt, Sally Gregory
1988 Curiosities and Cabinets: Natural History Museums and Education on the Antebellum Campus. Isis, Sep., 1988, Vol. 79, No. 3, A Special Issue on Artifact and Experiment (Sep., 1988), pp. 405-426.
 
Lewis, Geoffrey D.
2023 Museum. Britannica.com, December 6, 2023.
 
Mason, Rhiannon, Alistair Robinson and Emma Coffield
2018 Museum and Gallery Studies: The Basics. Routledge, London, UK.
 
Miller, Peter N. 
2017 History and Its Objects: Antiquarianism and Material Culture Since 1500. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY.
 
Razzall, Katie
2023 British Museum Deputy Director to Leave after Thefts Inquiry. BBC, December 13, 2023, https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-67710217.
 
Scarpaci, Joseph L
2016 Material Culture and the Meaning of Objects. Material Culture, Vol. 48, No. 1, Special Issue: Consumer Goods (Spring 2016), pp. 1-9.
 
Smiedt, David
2021 The 9 Most Expensive Things Ever Destroyed by Clumsy Gallery Visitors. Escape, May 31, 2021, www.escape.com.au/top-lists/the-9-most-expensive-things-ever-broken-by-clumsy-gallery-visitors/image-gallery/9ba72970baa2084a71d7c55b8ceed5cc.
 
Sotheby’s Institute of Art
2018 Cabinets of Curiosities and The Origin of Collecting. Sotheby’s Institute of Art, August 28, 2018, www.sothebysinstitute.com/news-and-events/news/cabinets-of-curiosities-and-the-origin-of-collecting.
 
Stringer, Katie
2013 The Legacy of Dime Museums and the Freakshow: How the Past Impacts the Present. History News, Autumn 2013, Vol. 68, No. 4 (Autumn 2013), pp. 13-18.
 
Waxman, Olivia B
2023 Inside the Controversy over the National Museum of the American Latino. Time, September 18, 2023, time.com/6314166/museum-american-latino-controversy/.
 
Woodman, Spencer, Malia Politzer Delphine Reuter and Namrata Sharma
2023 ‘The Stuff Was Illegally Dug Up’: New York’s Met Museum Sees Reputation Erode over Collection Practices. The Guardian, March 20, 2023, https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2023/mar/20/new-york-metropolitan-museum-collection-artifacts-theft.
 
Yu, Alan
2023 After Recent Backlash, Community Members Weigh in on Mutter Museum’s Future. WHYY PBS, October 18, 2023, whyy.org/articles/mutter-museum-first-community-meeting-backlash/.
 

Episode 27: The 4-1-1 on 1 and 2 or the Lowdown on Sit Downs

The Two Humans get to the bottom of human existence (literally). This may be a two-flusher!
Episode 27: The 4-1-1 on 1 and 2, OR, The Lowdown on Sit Downs
An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans
Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human.
www.intro2anthro.podbean.com
https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542
IG @introtoanthrowith2humans
Resources:
Barlow, Ronald S.
1992 The Vanishing American Outhouse: Privy Plans, Photographs, Poems, and Folklore. Windmill Publishing Company, El Cajon, CA.
 
Baldwin, Peter C.
2014 Public Privacy: Restrooms in American Cities, 1869-1932. Journal of Social History, Winter 2014, Vol. 48, No. 2 (Winter 2014), pp. 264-288.
 
Blumer, Ronald H.
2013 Wiped: The Curious History of Toilet Paper. Middlemarch Media Press, New York, NY.
 
Cleveland Clinic 
2023 Digestive System. Cleveland Clinic, my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/7041-digestive-system.
 
Flanagan, Maureen
2014 Private Needs, Public Space. Urban History, Vol. 41, No. 2 (May 2014), pp. 265-290.
 
Greene, Kevin and Tom Moore
2010 Archaeology: An Introduction (Fifth Edition). Routledge, London, UK.
 
Haviland, William A., Dana Walrath, Harold E. L. Prins, and Bunny McBride
2011 Evolution and Prehistory: The Human Challenge, Nineth Edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, Belmont, CA.
 
Horan, Julie L
1996 The Porcelain God: A Social History of the Toilet. Carol Publishing Group, Secaucus, NJ.
 
Joyce, James
1922 Ulysses. Alfred A. Knopf, New York, NY.
 
Kitchin, Rob and Robin Law
2001 The Socio-Spatial Construction of (In)accessible Public Toilets. Urban Studies, February 2001, Vol. 38, No. 2, Special Issue: The Barrier Free City (February 2001), pp. 287-298.
 
Koloski-Ostrow, Ann Olga
2015 The Archaeology of Sanitation in Roman Italy: Toilets, Sewers and Water Systems. The University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, NC.
 
Magness, Jodi
2012 What’s the Poop on Ancient Toilets and Toilet Habits? Near Eastern Archaeology, Vol. 75, No. 2 (June 2012), pp. 80-87.
 
Melosi, Martin V. 
1981 Garbage in the Cities: Refuse, Reform, and the Environment, 1880-1980. Texas A&M University Press, College Station, TX.
 
Overall, Christine
2007 Public Toilets: Sex Segregation Revisited. Ethics and the Environment, Fall, 2007, Vol. 12, No. 2 (Fall, 2007), pp. 71-91.
 
The Portland Loo
2022 Weird American Bathroom Customs Other Countries Don’t Understand. PortlandLoo.com, May 4, 2022, https://portlandloo.com/weird-american-bathroom-customs-other-countries-dont-understand/.
 
Romano, Andrea
2023 Bathroom Etiquette Around the World So You Can Know Before You Go. Travel and Leisure, August 28, 2023, https://www.travelandleisure.com/travel-tips/travel-etiquette/bathroom-etiquette-around-the-world.
 
Todd, Ian Scott
2012 Dirty Books: Modernism and the Toilet. Modern Fiction Studies, Summer 2012, Vol. 58, No. 2 (Summer 2012), pp. 191-213.
 
Wells, Corin
2021 [Survey] Are You Guilty of These Weird and Unhealthy Bathroom Habits? Tushy, March 1, 2021, https://hellotushy.com/blogs/the-posterior/bathroom-habits#.
 

Episode 26: Bad Times for Bonzo, Things to Consider before Raising Chimps as Humans

The Two Humans discuss the issues of raising chimpanzees as humans—and it’s not just picking out their wardrobe!
Episode 26: Bad Times for Bonzo: Things to Consider before Raising Chimps as Humans From Bonzo to Bubbles, from Chim Chim to Nim.
An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans
Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human.
www.intro2anthro.podbean.com
https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542
IG @introtoanthrowith2humans
Resources:ABC News
2012 Andrew Oberle: Texas Graduate Student Fights for Life After Chimp Attack. ABC News, June 29, 2012, abcnews.go.com/International/chimp-attack-texas-graduate-student-andrew-oberle-fights/story?id=16683989.
American Museum of Natural History
2023 DNA: Comparing Humans and Chimps. AMNH.org, www.amnh.org/exhibitions/ permanent/human-origins/understanding-our-past/dna-comparing-humans-and-chimps#:~:text=Humans%20and%20chimps%20share%20a,--and%20yet%20so%20different%3F.
Arbib, Michael A., Katja Liebal, and Simone Pika
2008 Primate Vocalization, Gesture, and the Evolution of Human Language. Current Anthropology, Vol. 49, No. 6 (December 2008), pp. 1053.
Cantor, Carla
2019 Project Nim Revisited. Columbia News, October 11, 2019, news.columbia.edu/ news/chimpanzee-language-project-nim-herbert-terrace.
Casady, Michelle
2012 Oliver, Famed Chimpanzee, Dies. My San Antonio, June 2, 2012, www.mysanantonio.com/news/local/article/oliver-famed-chimpanzee-dies-3605135.php.
De Cordova, Frederick (Director)
1951 Bedtime for Bonzo [Film]. Universal-International.
Denny, Rita
1985 Marking the Interaction Order: The Social Constitution of Turn Exchange and Speaking Turns. Language in Society, Mar., 1985, Vol. 14, No. 1 (Mar., 1985), pp. 41-62.
Dimri, Bipin
2021 The Strange Story of Oliver: Human, Chimpanzee, or a “Humanzee”? Historic Mysteries, October, 7, 2021, www.historicmysteries.com/oliver-chimpanzee/.
Feder, Kenneth L.  and Michael Alan Park
2007 Human Antiquity: An Introduction to Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, Fifth Edition. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY.
Gruttadaro, Andrew
2018 A Surprisingly Deep History of Celebrities Being Attacked by Primates. The Ringer, February 23, 2018, www.theringer.com/movies/2018/2/23/ 17045066/monkey-attacks-celebrity-hayden-panettiere 
Haviland, William A., Dana Walrath, Harold E. L. Prins, and Bunny McBride
2011 Evolution and Prehistory: The Human Challenge, Nineth Edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, Belmont, CA.
Hess, Elizabeth
2008 Nim Chimpsky: The Chimp Who Who Would Be Human. Bantam Books, New York, NY.
Hess, Laurie, Jose Biascoechea, Laura Brazelton, Orlando Figueroa-Diaz, et al.
2011 Exotic Animals: Appropriately Owned Pets or Inappropriately Kept Problems? Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery, March 2011, Vol. 25, No. 1 (March 2011), pp. 50-56.Hill, Jane H.
1978 Apes and Language. Annual Review of Anthropology, 1978, Vol. 7 (1978), pp. 89-112.
Kappala-Ramsamy, Gemma
2011 Nim Chimpsky: The Chimp They Tried to Turn into a Human. The Guardian, July 23, 2011, www.theguardian.com/film/2011/jul/24/project-nim-chimpsky-chimpanzee-language.
Li, David K. and Kurt Chirbas
2021 Oregon Deputy Fatally Shoots Chimpanzee after It Bites Owner’s Daughter. NBC News, June 23, 2021, www.nbcnews.com/news/animal-news/oregon-deputy-fatally-shoots-chimpanzee-after-it-bites-owner-s-n1272105.
Marks, Jonathan
2002 What It Means to Be 98% Chimpanzee: Apes, People, and Their Genes. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA.
Marsh, James (Director)
2011 Project Nim [Film]. HBO Documentary Films, BBC Films, and UK Film Council.
Nasaw, Daniel
2009 Chimpanzee Biographer: “You Can’t Trust Them.” The Guardian, February 19, 2009, www.theguardian.com/world/deadlineusa/2009/feb/19/usa-animals.
National Human Genome Research Institute
2023 Eugenics and Scientific Racism. National Human Genome Research Institute, www.genome.gov/about-genomics/fact-sheets/Eugenics-and-Scientific-Racism.
NPR
2011 ‘Project Nim’: A Chimp’s Very Human, Very Sad Life. Fresh Air, July 20, 2011, www.npr.org/2011/07/20/138467156/project-nim-a-chimps-very-human-very-sad-life.
Pierson, David and Mitchell Landsbergy
2005 Woman Describes Being Attacked by Chimps at Sanctuary. The Washington Post, March 6, 2005, www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics /2005 /03/06/ woman-describes-being-attacked-by-chimps-at-sanctuary/829b53a5-adfd-4a10-be6d-a8ba764b0c1e/.
Savage-Rumbaugh, Sue, Duane M. Rumbaugh, and Sarah Boysen
1980 Do Apes Use Language? One Research Group Considers the Evidence for Representational Ability in Apes. American Scientist, January-February 1980, Vol. 68, No. 1 (January-February 1980), pp. 49-61.
Sherringham, Tia
2008 Mice, Men, and Monsters: Opposition to Chimera Research and the Scope of Federal Regulation. California Law Review, Jun., 2008, Vol. 96, No. 3 (Jun., 2008), pp. 765-800.
Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History
2023 What Does It Mean to Be Human? Humanorigins.si.edu, humanorigins.si.edu/ evidence/genetics#:~:text=The%201.2%25%20chimp-human%20distinction, that%20chimpanzees%20and%20humans%20share.
Van Cantfort, Thomas E. and James Rimpau
1982 Sign Language Studies with Children and Chimpanzees. Sign Language Studies, Spring 1982, No. 34 (Spring 1982), pp. 15-72.