An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans

Episode 34: Who’s Biting Who? Humans’ Lust for Vampires

Grab the garlic and sharpen the stakes! In this episode, The Two Humans are going vampire hunting!
Episode 34: Who’s Biting Who? Humans’ Lust for Vampires 
An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans
Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human.
www.intro2anthro.podbean.com
https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542
IG @introtoanthrowith2humans
Resources:
Bohn, Thomas M.
2019 The Vampire: Origins of a European Myth. Berghahn Books, New York, NY.
 
Byron, Lord George Gordon
1814 The Giaour (A Fragment of a Turkish Tale). Thomas Davison, London, UK.
 
Fenn, Violet
2021 A History of the Vampire in Popular Culture: Love at First Bite. Pen and Sword History, Barnsley, England.
 
Holte, James Craig
1999 A Century of Draculas. Journal of the Fantastic in the Arts, 1999, Vol. 10, No. 2 (38), A Century of Draculas (1999), pp. 109-114.
 
Hudson, Dale
2013 “Of Course There Are Werewolves and Vampires”: “True Blood” and the Right to Rights for Other Species. American Quarterly, September 2013, Vol. 65, No. 3, Special Issue: Species/Race/Sex (September 2013), pp. 661-687.
 
Jenkins, Mark Collins
2010 Vampire Forensics: Uncovering the Origins of an Enduring Legend. National Geographic, Washington, DC.
 
Kemp, Sam 
2022 The Strange Tale of the Highgate Vampire. Far Out Magazine, August 4, 2022, faroutmagazine.co.uk/strange-tale-of-highgate-vampire/.
 
Le Fanu, Joseph Sheridan
2023 Carmilla. Digital Wealth Group, Sheridan, WY.
 
Mayo Clinic
2023 Porphyria. Mayo Clinic, April 5, 2023, www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/porphyria/symptoms-causes/syc-20356066.
 
Newman, Tim
2018 Vampires and Rabies: What’s the Link. Medical News Today, www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/321780.
 
Polidori, John William
2013 The Vampyre. SMK Books.
 
Stevenson, John Allen
1988 A Vampire in the Mirror: The Sexuality of Dracula. PMLA, Mar., 1988, Vol. 103, No. 2 (Mar., 1988), pp. 139-149.
 
Stoker, Bram
1992 Dracula. Barnes & Noble Books, New York, NY.
 
Vogel, Gretchen
1998 Were Vampires Rabid? Science, September 21, 1998, www.science.org/ content/article/were-vampires-rabid.
 
Voltaire
2020 The Complete Works of Voltaire. Shrine of Knowledge, eBook.
 
Wilson, Katharina M.
1985 The History of the Word “Vampire.” Journal of the History of Ideas, Oct. – Dec., 1985, Vol. 46, No. 4 (Oct. – Dec., 1985), pp. 577-583. 
 

Episode 33: Wild Child in the City, the Perils of Being Feral

The Two Humans do their best Tarzans as they look at the myth and mystery of feral children. Loincloths optional.
Episode 33: Wild Child in the City: The Perils of Being Feral
An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans
Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human.
www.intro2anthro.podbean.com
https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542
IG @introtoanthrowith2humans
Resources:
Andrei, Mihai
2023 Feral Children: Mind-Blowing Cases of Children Raised by Animals. ZME Science, October 9, 2023, www.zmescience.com/feature-post/culture/bizarre-stories/feral-children/.
 
Aroles, Serge
2007 L’Enigme des enfants-loups : Une certitude biologique mais un déni des archives 1304 – 1954. Editions Publibook, Paris, France.
 
Bettelheim, Bruno
1959 Feral Children and Autistic Children. American Journal of Sociology, Mar., 1959, Vol. 64, No. 5 (Mar., 1959), pp. 455-467.
 
Bumiller, Elisabeth
1985 The Mystery of the Wolf Boy. The Washington Post, April 21, 1985, www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1985/04/21/the-mystery-of-the-wolf-boy/4c729f3c-3617-4cae-8008-361f32c074b1/.
 
Candland, Douglas Keith
1993 Feral Children and Clever Animals: Reflections on Human Nature. Oxford University Press, New York, NY.
 
Carroll, Rory
2016 Starved, Tortured, Forgotten: Genie, The Feral Child Who Left a Mark on Researchers. The Guardian, July 14, 2016, www.theguardian.com/ society/2016/jul/14/genie-feral-child-los-angeles-researchers.
 
DeGregory, Lane
2021 The Girl in the Window. The Tampa Bay Times, August 21, 2011, projects.tampabay.com/projects/girl-in-the-window/.
 
McNeil, Mary Charles, Edward A. Polloway, and J. David Smith
1984 Feral and Isolated Children: Historical Review and Analysis. Education and Training of the Mentally Retarded, February 1984, Vol. 19, No. 1 (February 1984), pp. 70-79.
 
Newton, Michael
2002 Savage Girls and Wild Boys: A History of Feral Children. Picador, New York, NY.
 
Schwarz, Caitlin
2016 The Feral Child: Blurring the Boundary between the Human and the Animal. Animals & Society Institute, Vol. 2, No. 1, Winter 2016, www.animalsandsociety. org/research/sloth/sloth-volume-2-no-1-winter-2016/7365-2/.
 
Sprehe, J. Timothy
1961 Feral Man and the Social Animal. The American Catholic Sociological Review, Summer, 1961, Vol. 22, No. 2 (Summer, 1961), pp. 161-167.
 
Stewart, Will
2019 Man raised by a pack of stray DOGS as a child reveals how they saved his life by keeping him warm and sharing their food with him—before Russian officials killed the animals. DailyMail.com, May 23, 2019, www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-7062899/Russian-man-raised-dogs-reveals-street-strays-saved-life.html.
 
Wicherink, Bram
2010 Tarzan! The Untamed Image of the Perfect Savage. Etnofoor, 2010, Vol. 22, No. 2, New Savages (2010), pp. 90-97.
 
Yousef, Nancy
2001 Savage or Solitary?: The Wild Child and Rousseau’s Man of Nature. Journal of the History of Ideas, Apr., 2001, Vol. 62 (Apr., 2001), pp. 245-263.
 
Zingg, Robert M.
1940 Feral Man and Extreme Cases of Isolation. The American Journal of Psychology, Oct., 1940, Vol. 53, No. 4 (Oct., 1940), pp. 487-517. 
 

Episode 32: Holding Hands and Pitchin’ Woo

Grab your chaperone and pour the lemonade! In this episode, The Two Suitors come a-callin’ and take a look at dating and courtship throughout history. Aw shucks, ain’t they sweet!
Episode 32: Holding Hands and Pitchin’ Woo
An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans
Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human.
www.intro2anthro.podbean.com
https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542
IG @introtoanthrowith2humans
Resources:
Bailey, Beth L.
1988 From Front Porch to Back Seat: Courtship in Twentieth-Century America. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD.
 
Brown, Susan L. and Sayaka K. Shinohara
2013 Dating Relationships in Older Adulthood: A National Portrait. Journal of Marriage and Family, October 2013, Vol. 75, No. 5 (October 2013), pp. 1194-1202.
 
Escasa-Dorne, Michelle and William Jankowiak
2018 Do Women Really Desire Casual Sex? Analysis of a Popular Online Dating/Liaison Site. Focality and Extension in Kinship: Essays in Memor of Harold W. Scheffler (ed. Warren Shapiro). Australian National University, Acton, Australia.
 
Finkel, Eli J., Paul W. Eastwick, Benjamin R. Karney, Harry Reis, and Susan Sprecher
2012 Online Dating: A Critical Analysis from the Perspectives of Psychological Science. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, January 2012, Vol. 13, No. 1 (January 2012), pp. 3-66.
 
Hodgson, Nichi
2017 The Curious History of Dating: From Jane Austen to Tinder. Robinson, London, UK.
 
Nodell, Jacque
2018 How to Go Steady: Timeless Dating Advice, Wisdom, and Lessons from Vintage Romance Comics. Sequential Crush, Chatttanooga, TN.
 
O’Donnell, Tania
2017 A History of Courtship: 800 Years of Seduction. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, NY.
 
Reid, Julie A., Gretchen R. Webber, and Sinikka Elliott
2011 Casual Hookups to Formal Dates: Refining the Boundaries of the Sexual Double Standard. Gender and Society, October 2011, Vol. 25, No. 5 (October 2011), pp. 545-568.
2015 “It’s Like Being in Church and Being on a Field Trip:” The Date Versus Party Situation in College Students’ Accounts of Hooking Up. Symbolic Interaction, Vol. 38, No. 2 (May 2015), pp. 175-194.
 

Episode 31: Footbags, Mules, and Wellies, the Two Humans Salute the Shoe

Calling all toe-knobs, sneakers and clogs! In this episode, The Two Humans finally give shoes their due as they celebrate the cultural significance of footwear.
Episode 31: Footbags, Mules and Wellies: The Two Humans Salute the Shoe
An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans
Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human.
www.intro2anthro.podbean.com
https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542
IG @introtoanthrowith2humans
Resources:
Beard, Tyler
1992 The Cowboy Boot Book. Peregrine Smith Books, Salt Lake City, UT.
 
Bretana, Raissa
2021 Shoes. Abbeville Press Publishers, New York, NY.
 
Costello, Jessica
2014 Tracing the Footsteps of Ritual: Concealed Footwear in America. Historical Archaeology, 2014, Vol. 48, No. 3, Manifestations of Magic: The Archaeology and Material Culture of Folk Religion (2014), pp. 35-51.
 
Dabashi, Hamid
2013 The Arabs and their Flying Shoes. Al Jazeera, February 26, 2013, www.aljazeera. com/opinions/2013/2/26/the-arabs-and-their-flying-shoes.
 
Duke, Alan
2013 Why Shoe Throwing Is “Incredibly Offensive.” CNN, February 7, 2013, www.cnn.com/2013/02/06/world/meast/shoe-throwing-significance/index.html.
 
Geggel, Laura
2023 ‘Outstanding’ 2,200-Year-Old Child’s Shoe Discovered Deep Underground in Austrian Mine. Live Science, September 18, 2023, www.livescience.com/ archaeology/outstanding-2200-year-old-childs-shoe-discovered-deep-underground-in-austrian-mine.
 
Hall, Joseph Sparkes
1847 The Book of the Feet: A History of Boots and Shoes. William H. Graham, New York, NY.
 
Miner, Dylan A. T.
2009 Provocations on Sneakers: The Multiple Significations of Athletic Shoes, Sport, Race, and Masculinity. The New Centennial Review, Fall 2009, Vol. 9, No. 2 (Fall 2009), pp. 73-107.
 
O’Keeffe, Linda
1996 Shoes: A Celebration of Pumps, Platforms, Sandals and Slippers, Boots, Mules, Sneakers, and More. Workman Publishing, New York, NY.
 
Radley, Dario
2023 Ancient Footprints Suggest Humans May Have Worn Shoes More Than 100,000 Years Ago. Archaeology News Online Magazine, September 12, 2023, archaeologymag.com/2023/09/humans-may-have-worn-shoes-148000-years-ago/.
 
Shawcross, Rebecca
2014 Shoes: An Illustrated History. Bloomsbury Visual Arts, London, UK.
 
Smith, Patrick
2023 The World’s Oldest Shoes? Sandals Found in Bat Cave Are Thousands of Years Old, Study Finds. NBCNews.com, September 29, 2023, www.nbcnews.com/ news/world/worlds-oldest-shoes-sandals-found-bat-cave-spain-granada-rcna118012.
 
Wan, Taufiq
2018 Insultingly Newsworthy: Arabs and their Shoes. The New Arab, March 31, 2018, www.newarab.com/opinion/insultingly-newsworthy-flying-shoes-and-their-unsuspecting-victims.
 
White, Robyn
2023 Extremely Well-Preserved Iron Age Child’s Shoe Discovered. MSN.com, September 1, 2023.
 

Episode 30: Free Willy or Free Won’ty, Free Will, Will Power and the Real Reason Why Little Willy Won’t Go Home

Do you have free will or is everything you do pre-determined? You’ll find out if you tune in to this episode OR you’ll find out if you don’t tune in to this episode.
Episode 30: Free Willy or Free Won’ty: Free Will, Will Power, and the Real Reason Why Little Willy Won’t Go Home
An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans
Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human.
www.intro2anthro.podbean.com
https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542
IG @introtoanthrowith2humans
Resources:
Bregadze, Ksenia
2023 A Fresh Look at Free Will: Challenging the Libet Paradigm. Neuroscience News, August 4, 2023, neurosciencenews.com/libet-free-will-23756/.
Buccella, Alessandra and Tomas Dominik
2023 Free Will Is Only an Illusion If You Are, Too. Scientific American, January 16, 2023, www.scientificamerican.com/article/free-will-is-only-an-illusion-if-you-are-too/.
Hoch, Stephen J. and George F. Loewenstein
1991 Time-Inconsistent Preferences and Consumer Self-Control. Journal of Consumer Research, Mar., 1991, Vol. 17, No. 4 (Mar., 1991), pp. 492-507.
Kane, Robert
2005 A Contemporary Introduction to Free Will. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
Lavazza, Andrea
2016 Free Will and Neuroscience: From Explaining Freedom Away to New Ways of Operationalizing and Measuring It. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, June 1, 2016, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4887467/.
Mahoney, Michael J. and Carl E. Thoresen
1992 Behavioral Self Control: Power to the Person. Educational Researcher, Oct., 1972, Vol. 1, No. 10 (Oct., 1972), pp. 5-7.
Mele, Alfred R.
2022 Free Will: An Opinionated Guide. Oxford University Press, New York, NY.
Nahmias, Eddy, Corey Hill Allen, and Bradley Loveall
2020 When Do Robots Have Free Will? Exploring Relationships between (Attribution of) Consciousness and Free Will. Free Will, Causality, and Neuroscience (eds. Bernard Feltz, Marcus Missal and Andrew Sims), Brill, Leiden, Netherlands, pp. 57-80.
Ogletree, Shirley Matile and Crystal D. Oberle
2008 The Nature, Common Usage, and Implications of Free Will and Determinism. Behavior and Philosophy, 2008, Vo. 36 (2008), pp. 97-111.
Pink, Thomas
2004 Free Will: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
Sapolsky, Robert M.
2017 Behave: The Biology of Humans at Our Best and Worst. Penguin Books, New York, NY. 
2023 Determined: A Science of Life without Free Will. Penguin Press, New York, NY.
Seifert, Josef
2011 In Defense of Free Will: A Critique of Benjamin Libet. The Review of Metaphysics, December 2011, Vol. 65, No. 2 (December 2011), pp. 377-407.
Slote, Michael A.
1980 Understanding Free Will. The Journal of Philosophy, Mar., 1980, Vol. 77, No. 3 (Mar., 1980), pp. 136-151.
Stampe, Dennis W. and Martha I. Gibson
1992 Of One’s Own Free Will. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, Sep., 1992, Vol. 52, No. 3 (Sep., 1992), pp. 529-556.
Thorner, Isidor
1951 The New Year’s Resolution and Ascetic Protestantism. Social Forces, Vol. 30, No. 1 (Oct., 1951), pp. 102-107.
 

Episode 29: The In Crowd, the Relationship Between Taste, Popularity, and Status

You’ve heard about the sweet smell of success? Well, get ready to taste it, as well! The Two Humans discuss how “good” taste and “bad” taste determine our place in the social hierarchy. This episode is yummy good!
Episode 29: The In Crowd: The Relationship between Taste, Popularity, and Status
An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans
Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human.
www.intro2anthro.podbean.com
https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542
IG @introtoanthrowith2humans
Resources:
Bloom, Paul
2010 How Pleasure Works. W. W. Norton & Company, New York, NY.
 
Gasser, Nolan
2019 Why You Like It: The Science & Culture of Musical Taste. Flatiron Books, New York, NY.
 
Gronow, Jukka
1993 Taste and Fashion: The Social Function of Fashion and Style. Acta Sociologica, 1993, Vol. 36, No. 2 (1993), pp. 89-100.
 
Korsmeyer, Carolyn
2013 Complexities of Taste. Etnofoor, 2013, Vol. 25, No. 1, Gold (2013), pp. 111-116.
 
Marx, W. David
2022 Status and Culture: How Our Desire for Social Rank Creates Taste, Identity, Art, Fashion, and Constant Change. Viking, New York, NY.
 
Menand, Louis
2016 What It Is Like to Me. The New Yorker, June 13, 2016, www.newyorker.com/ magazine/2016/06/20/art-and-taste-in-the-internet-age.
 
Spronk, Rachel and Christien Klaufus
2012 Introduction: Taste. Etnofoor, 2012, Vol. 24, No. 2, Taste (2012), pp. 7-11.
 
Sullivan, Bill
2019 Why We Like What We Like: A Scientist’s Surprising Findings. National Geographic, September 2019, www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/why-we-like-what-we-like-a-scientists-surprising-findings.
 
Vanderbilt, Tom
2013 Why You Like What You Like. Smithsonian Magazine, June 2013, www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/why-you-like-what-you-like-73470150/.
2016 The Secret of Taste: Why We Like What We Like. The Guardian, June 22, 2016, www.theguardian.com/science/2016/jun/22/secret-of-taste-why-we-like-what-we-like.
2016 You May Also Like: Taste in an Age of Endless Choice. Alfred A. Knopf, New York, NY.
 
 

Episode 28: Please Don’t Touch! Mumblings and Musings on Museums

Be sure to have your permission slips signed and your lunches packed, in this episode The Two Humans take us on a field trip to the art museum. Please stay in line and keep your hands by your sides!
Episode 28: Please Don’t Touch! Mumblings and Musings on Museums
An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans
Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human.
www.intro2anthro.podbean.com
https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542
IG @introtoanthrowith2humans
Resources:
Auricchio, Laura
2002 Pahin de la Blancherie’s Commercial Cabinet of Curiosity (1779-87). Eighteenth-Century Studies, Fall, 2002, Vol. 36, No. 1, Contested Exhibitions (Fall, 2002) pp. 47-61.
 
Boyd, Willard L.
1999 Museums as Centers of Controversy. Daedalus, Summer, 1999, Vol. 128, No. 3, America’s Museums (Summer 1999), pp. 185-228.
 
Bringley, Patrick
2023 All the Beauty in the World: The Metropolitan Museum of Art and Me. Simon & Schuster, New York, NY.
 
Conn, Steven
2010 Do Museums Still Need Objects? University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, PA.
 
Daily Mail
2010 Clumsy Art Loer Smashes into 80-Million-Pound Picasso Paining in U.S. Museum…Leaving a Six-Inch Gash. Daily Mail, January 26, 2010, www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1245910/Picassos-The-Actor-painting-damaged-student-Metropolitan-Museum-New-York.html.
 
Falk, John H.
2009 Identity and the Museum Visitor Experience. Routledge, London, UK.
 
Farrant, Theo
2023 ‘The Artwork Is Not Guilty’: Swiss Museum Unveils Controversial Nazi Era Collection. Euronews.com, November 13, 2023, https://www.euronews.com/ culture /2023/11/13/the-artwork-is-not-guilty-swiss-museum-unveils-controversial-nazi-era-collection.
 
Glover, Ella
2021 Artwork Damaged by Couple Who Thought Brushes and Paint in Front of Piece Were for Visitors’ Use. Independent, April 7, 2021, www.independent.co.uk /asia/east-asia/graffiti-art-accidental-damage-seoul-b1826626.html.
 
Greene, Kevin and Tom Moore
2010 Archaeology: An Introduction, Fifth Edition. Routledge, London, UK. 
 
Harris, Gareth
2023 Parthenon Marbles Deal Still on the Table Despite British Museum Theft Scandal. The Art Newspaper, August 28, 2023, https://www.theartnewspaper. com/2023/08/28/parthenon-marbles-deal-still-on-the-table-despite-british-museum-theft-scandal. 
 
Herle, Anita
1997 Museums, Politics and Representation. Journal of Museum Ethnography, May 1997, No. 9 (May 1997), pp. 65-78.
 
Jefferson, Thomas and Joyce Henri Robinson
1995 An American Cabinet of Curiosities: Thomas Jefferson’s “Indian Hall at Monticello.” Winterthur Portfolio, Spring 1995, Vol. 30, No. 1 (Spring, 1995), pp. 41-58.
 
Johnson, Anna, Kimberly A. Huber, Nancy Cutler Meliss Bingman, and Tim Grove
2017 The Museum Educator’s Manual: Educators Share Successful Techniques (Second Edition). Rowman & Littlefield, Lanham, MD.
Judkis, Maura
2023 A Museum’s Historic Human Remains Are Now The Center of An Ethics Clash. The Washington Post, July 27, 2023, www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/ 2023/07/26/mutter-museum-controversy-philadelphia/.
 
Kaplan, Isaac
2017 How Long Do You Need to Look at a Work of Art to Get It? Artsy.net, January 25, 2017, www.artsy.net/article/artsy-editorial-long-work-art-it.
 
Kohlstedt, Sally Gregory
1988 Curiosities and Cabinets: Natural History Museums and Education on the Antebellum Campus. Isis, Sep., 1988, Vol. 79, No. 3, A Special Issue on Artifact and Experiment (Sep., 1988), pp. 405-426.
 
Lewis, Geoffrey D.
2023 Museum. Britannica.com, December 6, 2023.
 
Mason, Rhiannon, Alistair Robinson and Emma Coffield
2018 Museum and Gallery Studies: The Basics. Routledge, London, UK.
 
Miller, Peter N. 
2017 History and Its Objects: Antiquarianism and Material Culture Since 1500. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY.
 
Razzall, Katie
2023 British Museum Deputy Director to Leave after Thefts Inquiry. BBC, December 13, 2023, https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-67710217.
 
Scarpaci, Joseph L
2016 Material Culture and the Meaning of Objects. Material Culture, Vol. 48, No. 1, Special Issue: Consumer Goods (Spring 2016), pp. 1-9.
 
Smiedt, David
2021 The 9 Most Expensive Things Ever Destroyed by Clumsy Gallery Visitors. Escape, May 31, 2021, www.escape.com.au/top-lists/the-9-most-expensive-things-ever-broken-by-clumsy-gallery-visitors/image-gallery/9ba72970baa2084a71d7c55b8ceed5cc.
 
Sotheby’s Institute of Art
2018 Cabinets of Curiosities and The Origin of Collecting. Sotheby’s Institute of Art, August 28, 2018, www.sothebysinstitute.com/news-and-events/news/cabinets-of-curiosities-and-the-origin-of-collecting.
 
Stringer, Katie
2013 The Legacy of Dime Museums and the Freakshow: How the Past Impacts the Present. History News, Autumn 2013, Vol. 68, No. 4 (Autumn 2013), pp. 13-18.
 
Waxman, Olivia B
2023 Inside the Controversy over the National Museum of the American Latino. Time, September 18, 2023, time.com/6314166/museum-american-latino-controversy/.
 
Woodman, Spencer, Malia Politzer Delphine Reuter and Namrata Sharma
2023 ‘The Stuff Was Illegally Dug Up’: New York’s Met Museum Sees Reputation Erode over Collection Practices. The Guardian, March 20, 2023, https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2023/mar/20/new-york-metropolitan-museum-collection-artifacts-theft.
 
Yu, Alan
2023 After Recent Backlash, Community Members Weigh in on Mutter Museum’s Future. WHYY PBS, October 18, 2023, whyy.org/articles/mutter-museum-first-community-meeting-backlash/.
 

Episode 27: The 4-1-1 on 1 and 2 or the Lowdown on Sit Downs

The Two Humans get to the bottom of human existence (literally). This may be a two-flusher!
Episode 27: The 4-1-1 on 1 and 2, OR, The Lowdown on Sit Downs
An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans
Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human.
www.intro2anthro.podbean.com
https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542
IG @introtoanthrowith2humans
Resources:
Barlow, Ronald S.
1992 The Vanishing American Outhouse: Privy Plans, Photographs, Poems, and Folklore. Windmill Publishing Company, El Cajon, CA.
 
Baldwin, Peter C.
2014 Public Privacy: Restrooms in American Cities, 1869-1932. Journal of Social History, Winter 2014, Vol. 48, No. 2 (Winter 2014), pp. 264-288.
 
Blumer, Ronald H.
2013 Wiped: The Curious History of Toilet Paper. Middlemarch Media Press, New York, NY.
 
Cleveland Clinic 
2023 Digestive System. Cleveland Clinic, my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/7041-digestive-system.
 
Flanagan, Maureen
2014 Private Needs, Public Space. Urban History, Vol. 41, No. 2 (May 2014), pp. 265-290.
 
Greene, Kevin and Tom Moore
2010 Archaeology: An Introduction (Fifth Edition). Routledge, London, UK.
 
Haviland, William A., Dana Walrath, Harold E. L. Prins, and Bunny McBride
2011 Evolution and Prehistory: The Human Challenge, Nineth Edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, Belmont, CA.
 
Horan, Julie L
1996 The Porcelain God: A Social History of the Toilet. Carol Publishing Group, Secaucus, NJ.
 
Joyce, James
1922 Ulysses. Alfred A. Knopf, New York, NY.
 
Kitchin, Rob and Robin Law
2001 The Socio-Spatial Construction of (In)accessible Public Toilets. Urban Studies, February 2001, Vol. 38, No. 2, Special Issue: The Barrier Free City (February 2001), pp. 287-298.
 
Koloski-Ostrow, Ann Olga
2015 The Archaeology of Sanitation in Roman Italy: Toilets, Sewers and Water Systems. The University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, NC.
 
Magness, Jodi
2012 What’s the Poop on Ancient Toilets and Toilet Habits? Near Eastern Archaeology, Vol. 75, No. 2 (June 2012), pp. 80-87.
 
Melosi, Martin V. 
1981 Garbage in the Cities: Refuse, Reform, and the Environment, 1880-1980. Texas A&M University Press, College Station, TX.
 
Overall, Christine
2007 Public Toilets: Sex Segregation Revisited. Ethics and the Environment, Fall, 2007, Vol. 12, No. 2 (Fall, 2007), pp. 71-91.
 
The Portland Loo
2022 Weird American Bathroom Customs Other Countries Don’t Understand. PortlandLoo.com, May 4, 2022, https://portlandloo.com/weird-american-bathroom-customs-other-countries-dont-understand/.
 
Romano, Andrea
2023 Bathroom Etiquette Around the World So You Can Know Before You Go. Travel and Leisure, August 28, 2023, https://www.travelandleisure.com/travel-tips/travel-etiquette/bathroom-etiquette-around-the-world.
 
Todd, Ian Scott
2012 Dirty Books: Modernism and the Toilet. Modern Fiction Studies, Summer 2012, Vol. 58, No. 2 (Summer 2012), pp. 191-213.
 
Wells, Corin
2021 [Survey] Are You Guilty of These Weird and Unhealthy Bathroom Habits? Tushy, March 1, 2021, https://hellotushy.com/blogs/the-posterior/bathroom-habits#.
 

Episode 26: Bad Times for Bonzo, Things to Consider before Raising Chimps as Humans

The Two Humans discuss the issues of raising chimpanzees as humans—and it’s not just picking out their wardrobe!
Episode 26: Bad Times for Bonzo: Things to Consider before Raising Chimps as Humans From Bonzo to Bubbles, from Chim Chim to Nim.
An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans
Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human.
www.intro2anthro.podbean.com
https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542
IG @introtoanthrowith2humans
Resources:ABC News
2012 Andrew Oberle: Texas Graduate Student Fights for Life After Chimp Attack. ABC News, June 29, 2012, abcnews.go.com/International/chimp-attack-texas-graduate-student-andrew-oberle-fights/story?id=16683989.
American Museum of Natural History
2023 DNA: Comparing Humans and Chimps. AMNH.org, www.amnh.org/exhibitions/ permanent/human-origins/understanding-our-past/dna-comparing-humans-and-chimps#:~:text=Humans%20and%20chimps%20share%20a,--and%20yet%20so%20different%3F.
Arbib, Michael A., Katja Liebal, and Simone Pika
2008 Primate Vocalization, Gesture, and the Evolution of Human Language. Current Anthropology, Vol. 49, No. 6 (December 2008), pp. 1053.
Cantor, Carla
2019 Project Nim Revisited. Columbia News, October 11, 2019, news.columbia.edu/ news/chimpanzee-language-project-nim-herbert-terrace.
Casady, Michelle
2012 Oliver, Famed Chimpanzee, Dies. My San Antonio, June 2, 2012, www.mysanantonio.com/news/local/article/oliver-famed-chimpanzee-dies-3605135.php.
De Cordova, Frederick (Director)
1951 Bedtime for Bonzo [Film]. Universal-International.
Denny, Rita
1985 Marking the Interaction Order: The Social Constitution of Turn Exchange and Speaking Turns. Language in Society, Mar., 1985, Vol. 14, No. 1 (Mar., 1985), pp. 41-62.
Dimri, Bipin
2021 The Strange Story of Oliver: Human, Chimpanzee, or a “Humanzee”? Historic Mysteries, October, 7, 2021, www.historicmysteries.com/oliver-chimpanzee/.
Feder, Kenneth L.  and Michael Alan Park
2007 Human Antiquity: An Introduction to Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, Fifth Edition. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY.
Gruttadaro, Andrew
2018 A Surprisingly Deep History of Celebrities Being Attacked by Primates. The Ringer, February 23, 2018, www.theringer.com/movies/2018/2/23/ 17045066/monkey-attacks-celebrity-hayden-panettiere 
Haviland, William A., Dana Walrath, Harold E. L. Prins, and Bunny McBride
2011 Evolution and Prehistory: The Human Challenge, Nineth Edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, Belmont, CA.
Hess, Elizabeth
2008 Nim Chimpsky: The Chimp Who Who Would Be Human. Bantam Books, New York, NY.
Hess, Laurie, Jose Biascoechea, Laura Brazelton, Orlando Figueroa-Diaz, et al.
2011 Exotic Animals: Appropriately Owned Pets or Inappropriately Kept Problems? Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery, March 2011, Vol. 25, No. 1 (March 2011), pp. 50-56.Hill, Jane H.
1978 Apes and Language. Annual Review of Anthropology, 1978, Vol. 7 (1978), pp. 89-112.
Kappala-Ramsamy, Gemma
2011 Nim Chimpsky: The Chimp They Tried to Turn into a Human. The Guardian, July 23, 2011, www.theguardian.com/film/2011/jul/24/project-nim-chimpsky-chimpanzee-language.
Li, David K. and Kurt Chirbas
2021 Oregon Deputy Fatally Shoots Chimpanzee after It Bites Owner’s Daughter. NBC News, June 23, 2021, www.nbcnews.com/news/animal-news/oregon-deputy-fatally-shoots-chimpanzee-after-it-bites-owner-s-n1272105.
Marks, Jonathan
2002 What It Means to Be 98% Chimpanzee: Apes, People, and Their Genes. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA.
Marsh, James (Director)
2011 Project Nim [Film]. HBO Documentary Films, BBC Films, and UK Film Council.
Nasaw, Daniel
2009 Chimpanzee Biographer: “You Can’t Trust Them.” The Guardian, February 19, 2009, www.theguardian.com/world/deadlineusa/2009/feb/19/usa-animals.
National Human Genome Research Institute
2023 Eugenics and Scientific Racism. National Human Genome Research Institute, www.genome.gov/about-genomics/fact-sheets/Eugenics-and-Scientific-Racism.
NPR
2011 ‘Project Nim’: A Chimp’s Very Human, Very Sad Life. Fresh Air, July 20, 2011, www.npr.org/2011/07/20/138467156/project-nim-a-chimps-very-human-very-sad-life.
Pierson, David and Mitchell Landsbergy
2005 Woman Describes Being Attacked by Chimps at Sanctuary. The Washington Post, March 6, 2005, www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics /2005 /03/06/ woman-describes-being-attacked-by-chimps-at-sanctuary/829b53a5-adfd-4a10-be6d-a8ba764b0c1e/.
Savage-Rumbaugh, Sue, Duane M. Rumbaugh, and Sarah Boysen
1980 Do Apes Use Language? One Research Group Considers the Evidence for Representational Ability in Apes. American Scientist, January-February 1980, Vol. 68, No. 1 (January-February 1980), pp. 49-61.
Sherringham, Tia
2008 Mice, Men, and Monsters: Opposition to Chimera Research and the Scope of Federal Regulation. California Law Review, Jun., 2008, Vol. 96, No. 3 (Jun., 2008), pp. 765-800.
Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History
2023 What Does It Mean to Be Human? Humanorigins.si.edu, humanorigins.si.edu/ evidence/genetics#:~:text=The%201.2%25%20chimp-human%20distinction, that%20chimpanzees%20and%20humans%20share.
Van Cantfort, Thomas E. and James Rimpau
1982 Sign Language Studies with Children and Chimpanzees. Sign Language Studies, Spring 1982, No. 34 (Spring 1982), pp. 15-72.
 

Episode 25: So You’re Dead. Now What?

The Two Humans confront their own mortality when they ask the question, “Is there laughter in the Sweet Hereafter?”
Episode 25: So You’re Dead, Now What? 
An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans
Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human.
www.intro2anthro.podbean.com
https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542
IG @introtoanthrowith2humans
Resources:
Aries, Philippe
1981 The Hour of Our Death: The Classic History of Western Attitudes Toward Death over the Last One Thousand Years (Helen Weaver, trans.). Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., New York, NY.
 
Baugher, Sherene and Richard F. Veit
2014 The Archaeology of American Cemeteries and Gravemarkers. University of Florida Press, Gainesville, FL.
 
Benjamin, Kathy
2013 Funerals to Die For: The Craziest, Creepiest, and Most Bizarre Funeral Traditions and Practices Ever. Adams Media, Avon, MA.
 
Bullock, Steven C. and Sheila McIntyre
2012 The Handsome Tokens of a Funeral: Glove-Giving and the Large Funeral in Eighteenth Century New England. The William and Mary Quarterly, Vol. 69, No. 2 (April 2012), pp. 305-346.
 
CBC
2023 English River First Nation Finds Potential Unmarked Graves in, around School Cemetery. CBC, August 10, 2023, ca.news.yahoo.com/english-river-first-nation-finds-190622847.html.
 
Crane, Lisa
2023 Unmarked Graves to Be Moved at an Alabama Zoo. WVTM 13, August 4, 2023, www.wvtm13.com/amp/article/unmarked-graves-to-be-moved-at-birmingham-zoo/44727703#amp_tf=From%20%251%24s&aoh=16940596954712&referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com.
 
Curry, Andrew
2016 Mysterious Graves Discovered at Ancient European Cemetery. National Geographic, February 11, 2016, www.nationalgeographic.com/adventure/ article/160211-oldest-cemetery-burial-europe-baby-upright-germany-hunter-gatherer.
 
Danbolt, Lars
1997 A Time to Mourn. Archiv fur Religionpsychologie/Archive for the Psychology of Religion, Vol. 22 (1997), pp. 250-272.
 
Dreman, Sue
2023 Native American Graves Found at Elco Yards Development in Redwood City. Palo Alto Online, October 9, 2023, www.paloaltoonline.com/news/2023 /10/09/native-american-graves-found-at-elco-yards-development-in-redwood-city.
 
Faunce, William A. and Robert L. Fulton
1958 The Sociology of Death: A Neglected Area of Research. Social Forces, Mar., 1958, Vol. 36, No. 3 (Mar., 1958), pp. 205-209.
 
Feder, Kenneth L. and Michael Alan Park
2007 Human Antiquity: An Introduction to Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, Fifth Edition. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY.
 
Golembiewski, Kate
2023 A “Flower Burial” Unearthed in 1960 Reshaped the Study of Neanderthals. A New Discovery Calls It into Question.” CNN, September 6, 2023, www.cnn.com/ 2023/09/06/world/neanderthal-burial-flower-pollen-scn/index.html.
 
Greene, Kevin and Tom Moore
2010 Archaeology: An Introduction (Fifth Edition). Routledge, Abingdon, UK.
 
Haviland, William A., Dana Walrath, Harold E. L. Prins, and Bunny McBride
2011 Evolution and Prehistory: The Human Challenge, Nineth Edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, Belmont, CA.
 
Hepburn, Allan
2014 The Irish Way of Dying: “Ulysses” and Funeral Processions. The Canadian Journal of Irish Studies, 2014, Vol. 38, No. 1/2 , Special Issue: Text and Beyond Text: New Visual, Material, and Spatial Perspectives in Irish Studies (2014), pp. 184-207.
 
Kubler-Ross, Elisabeth and David Kessler
2005 On Grief & Grieving: Finding the Meaning of Grief through the Five Stages of Loss. Scribner, New York, NY.
 
Maciel, Vanessa
2023 Site of Remains Found at NMHU Not Seen As Crime Scene. The Las Vegas Optic, August 31, 2023, www.lasvegasoptic.com/news/community/site-of-remains-found-at-nmhu-not-seen-as-crime-scene/article_d2f2f134-4804-11ee-80fb-bfaf7f460dcd.html.
 
McLaughlin, Grant
2023 Historic Black Cemetery Project Discovers 40 Unmarked Graves. The Dispatch, July 31, 2023, cdispatch.com/news/historic-black-cemetery-project-discovers-40-unmarked-graves/.
 
Melville, Greg
2022 Over My Dead Body: Unearthing the Hidden History of America’s Cemeteries. Abrams Press, New York, NY.
 
Mitford, Jessica
1998 The American Way of Death Revisited. Vintage Books, New York, NY.
 
Nakamaki, Hirochika
1986 Continuity and Change: Funeral Customs in Modern Japan. Japanese Journal of Religious Studies, Jun. – Sep., 1986, Vol. 13, No. 2/3, Religion and Society in Contemporary Japan (Jun. – Sep., 1986), pp. 177-192.
 
National Park Service
2023 Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act. National Park Service, www.nps.gov/subjects/nagpra/getting-started.htm.
 
Noha, Erin
2023 Marinette’s Unmarked Graves to Receive Long-Awaited Memorial. Eagle Herald, August 28, 2023, www.ehextra.com/news/marinette-s-unmarked-graves-to-receive-long-awaited-memorial/article_3bf908a8-41d4-11ee-8dc9-5f5fe83517f9.html.
 
Parker, Halle
2023 Experts Raise Concern about Unmarked Graves on Site of $4.5 Billion Hydrogen Plant. WWNO – New Orleans Public Radio, April 14, 2023, www.wwno.org/ coastal-desk/2023-04-14/experts-raise-concerns-about-unmarked-graves-on-site-of-4-5-billion-hydrogen-plant.
 
Rousselot, V. Wilfried
2023 The Rituals of Farewell: Exploring Funeral Practices around the World. V. Wilfried Rousselot, Coppell, TX.
 
Snider, Tui
2017 Understanding Cemetery Symbols: A Field Guide for Historic Graveyards. Castle Azle Press, Azle, TX.
 
Tritton, A. S.
1938 Muslim Funeral Customs. Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies, University of London, 1938, Vol. 9, No. 3 (1938), pp. 653-661.
 
Watkins, Christina
2023 More Than a Dozen Possible Graves Found underneath Road Leading to Historic Oviedo Cemetery. WESH 2, June 23, 2023, www.wesh.com/ article/graves-oviedo-cemetery/44316237#.
 

Episode 24: Redlines and Reindeers, a Christmas Story for a Supposedly Post-Racial World

In this holiday episode, The Two Humans have a heart-to-heart about systemic racism when they are visited by the Ghost of Christmas Past.
Episode 24 - Redlines and Reindeers: A Christmas Story for a Supposedly Post-Racial World
An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans
Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human.
www.intro2anthro.podbean.com
https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542
IG @introtoanthrowith2humans
Resources:
Bethencourt, Fracisco
2013 Racisms: From the Crusades to the Twentieth Century. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
 
Ferraro, Gary and Susan Andreatta
2012 Cultural Anthropology: An Applied Perspective. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, Belmont, CA.
 
Golash, Tanya Maria
2019 Race and Racisms: A Critical Approach (Brief Second Edition). Oxford University Press, New York, NY.
 
Johnson County, Kansas Museum
2022 Redlined: Cities, Suburbs, Segregation. Johnson County Park and Recreation District, Shawnee Mission, KS.
 
Kottak, Conrad Phillip
2011 Cultural Anthropology: Appreciating Cultural Diversity, Fourteenth Edition. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY.
 
Memmi, Albert
2000 Racism (Steve Martinot, trans.). University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, MN.
 
Morris, Aldon D.
1984 The Origins of the Civil Rights Movement: Black Communities Organizing for Change. The Free Press, New York, NY.
 
Mueller, Jennifer C.
2017 Producing Colorblindness. Social Problems, May 2017, Vol. 64, No. 2 (May 2017), pp. 219-238, 332.
 
Perez, Raul
2013 Learning to Make Racism Funny in the “Color-Blind” Era: Stand-up Comedy Students, Performance Strategies, and the Reproduction of Racist Jokes in Public. Discourse & Society, July 2013, Vol. 24, No. 4 (July 2013), pp. 478-503.
2017 Racism without Hatred? Racist Humor and the Myth of “Color-Blindness.” Sociological Perspectives, October 2017, Vol. 60, No. 5, Special Issue: New Frontiers in the Study of Colorblind Racism (October 2017), pp. 956-974.
 
Wilkerson, Isabel
2020 Caste: The Origins of Our Discontents. Random House, New York, NY.
 

Episode 23: Football Fans and Football Fools, the Divine Madness of Sports Fandom

The Two Humans paint their faces and tear their shirts as they investigate why football makes people so damn crazy.
Episode 23 - Football Fans and Football Fools: The Divine Madness of Sports Fandom
An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans
Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human.
www.intro2anthro.podbean.com
https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542
IG @introtoanthrowith2humans
Resources:
Besnier, Niko, Susan Brownell, and Thomas F. Carter
2018 The Anthropology of Sport: Bodies, Borders, Biopolitics. University of California Press, Oakland, CA.
 
Brown, Timothy P.
2020 How Football Became Football: 150 Years of the Game’s Evolution. Brown House Publishing, West Bloomfield, MI.
 
Bruyneel, Kevin
2016 Race, Colonialism, and the Politics of Indian Sports Names and Mascots: The Washington Football Team Case. Native American and Indigenous Studies, Vol. 3, No. 2 (2016), pp. 1-24.
 
Herrera, Eduardo
2018 Masculinity, Violence, and Deindividuation in Argentine Soccer Chants: The Sonic Potentials of Participatory Sounding-in Synchrony. Ethnomusicology, Vol. 62, No. 3 (Fall 2018), pp. 470-499.
 
Keys, Barbara
2013 Senses and Emotions in the History of Sport. Journal of Sports History, Vol. 40, No. 1 (Spring 2013), pp.21-38.
 
Lomax,Michael E.
1999 The African American Experience in Professional Football. Journal of Social History, Autumn, 1999, Vol. 33, No. 1 (Autumn, 1999), pp. 163-178.
 
Maffesoli, Michel
1996 The Time of the Tribes: The Decline of Individualism in Mass Society (Don Smith, Trans.). Sage Publications, London, UK. 
 
Mandelbaum, Michael
2004 The Meaning of Sports. Public Affairs, New York, NY.
 
Merrill, George E.
1903 Is Football Good Sport? The North American Review, Vol. 177, No. 564 (Nov., 1903), pp. 758-765.
 
Meyers, Chistopher C.
2009 “Unrelenting War on Football”: The Death of Richard Von Gammon and the Attempt to Ban Football in Georgia. The Georgia Historical Quarterly, Winter 2009, Vol. 93, No. 4 (Winter 2009), pp. 388-407.
 
Morris, Desmond
1981 The Soccer Tribe. Rizzoli, New York, NY.
 
Murrin, John M.
2001 Rites of Domination: Princeton, the Big Three, and the Rise of Intercollegiate Athletics. The Princeton University Library Chronicle, Vol. 62, No. 2 (Winter 2001), pp. 161-206.
 
Senkbeil, Karsten
2016 Unpopular Sport Teams and the Social Psychology of ‘Anti-Fans.’ Unpopular Culture (ed. Martin Luthe and Sascha Pohlman). Amsterdam University Press, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
 
Smith, Thomas G. 
1988 Outside the Pale: The Exclusion of Blacks from the National Football League, 1934-1946. Journal of Sport History, Winter, 1988 (Vol. 15, No. 3, Special Issue: The Black Athlete in American Sport (Winter, 1988), pp. 255-281.
 
Stroeken, Koen
2002 Why ‘The World’ Loves Watching Football (And ‘The Americans’ Don’t). Anthropology Today, Jun., 2002, Vol. 18, No. 3 (Jun., 2002), pp. 9-13.
 

Episode 22: Dragons, Demons, and Monkeys

In this “very special” episode of I2AW2H, The 2H’s get real about addiction and recovery.
Episode 22: Dragons, Demons, and Monkeys
An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans
Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human.
www.intro2anthro.podbean.com
https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542
IG @introtoanthrowith2humans
Resources:
Anonymous
1855 Improper Use of Laudanum. Scientific American, Vol. 10, No. 41 (June 23, 1855), p. 325.
 
Berridge, Virginia
1978 Opium over the Counter in Nineteenth Century England. Pharmacy in History, Vol. 20, No. 3 (1978), pp. 91-100.
 
Berridge, Virginia and Sarah Mars
2004 History of Addictions. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health (1979-), Vol. 58, No. 9 (Sep., 2004), pp. 747-750.
 
De Quincey, Thomas
1821 Confessions of an English Opium-Eater and Other Writings. Penguin Books, London, UK.
 
Dietler, Michael
2006 Alcohol: Anthropological/Archaeological Perspectives. Annual Review of Anthropology, Vol. 35 (2006), pp. 229-249. 
 
Dudley, Robert
2000 Evolutionary Origins of Human Alcoholism in Primate Frugivory. The Quarterly Review of Biology, Vol. 75, No. 1 (Mar., 2000), pp. 3-15.
2004 Ethanol, Fruit Ripening, and the Historical Origins of Human Alcoholism in Primate Frugivory. Integrative and Comparative Biology, Vol. 44, No. 4, In vivo Veritas: The Comparative Biology of Ethanol Consumption (Aug., 2004), pp. 315-323.
 
Finan,Christopher M.
2017 Drunks: An American History. Beacon Press, Boston, MA.
 
Fisher, Carl Erik
2022 The Urge: Our History of Addiction. Penguin Press, New York, NY.
 
Hickman, Timothy A.
2004 “Mania Americana”: Addiction and Modernity in the United States, 1870-1920. The Journal of American History, Vol. 90, No. 4 (Mar., 2004), pp. 1269-1294.
 
Kolb, Lawrence, A. G. Du Mez and Caroline Jean Acker
2006 The Prevalence and Trend Drug Addiction in the United States and Factors Influencing It (1924) [with Commentary]. Public Health Reports (1974-), Vol. 121, Supplement 1: Historical Collection 1878-2005 (2006), pp. 160-173.
 
Larson, Cedric
1937 The Drinkers Dictionary. American Speech, Vol. 12, No. 2 (Apr., 1937), pp. 87-92.
 
Linden, David J.
2011 The Irish Ether Drinking Craze. Psychology Today, June 1, 2011, www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-compass-pleasure/201106/the-irish-ether-drinking-craze-0.
 
Logan, John Frederick
1974 The Age of Intoxication. Yale French Studies, No. 50, Intoxication and Literature (1974), pp. 81-94.
Maxwell, Milton A.
1950 The Washingtonian Movement. Quarterly Journal of Studies of Alcohol, Vol. 11, 410-452.
 
Musto, David F.
1991 Opium, Cocaine and Marijuana in American History. Scientific American, Vol. 265, No. 1 (July 1991), pp. 40-47.
 
National Institute on Drug Abuse
2023 Understanding Drug Use and Addiction DrugFacts. National Institute on Drug Abuse, nida.nih.gov/publications/drugfacts/understanding-drug-use-addiction.
 
Psychology Today
2023 Causes of Addiction. Psychology Today – Addiction Center, www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/addiction/causes-addiction.
 
Schultes, Richard Evans
1940 Teonanacatl: The Narcotic Mushroom of the Aztecs. American Anthropologist, New Series, Vol. 42, No. 3, Part 1 (Jul. – Sep., 1940), pp. 429-443.
 
Sheikh, Knvul
2017 Why Do We Get Addicted to Things? Live Science, October 17, 2017, www.livescience.com/60694-why-do-we-get-addicted.html.
 
White, William L.
2014 Slaying the Dragon: The History of Addiction Treatment and Recovery in America, Second Edition. Chestnut Health Systems, Bloomington, IL.
 

Episode 21: Heavy Petting, Humans’ Love Affair with Cats and Dogs

The Two Humans sit up, roll over and beg, trying to answer the age-old question: “Who’s a good boy?”
Episode 21: Heavy Petting --Humans’ Love Affair with Cats and Dogs
An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans
Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human.
www.intro2anthro.podbean.com
https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542
IG @introtoanthrowith2humans
Resources:
Bramley, Ellie Violet
2023 The Case against Pets: Is It Time to Give Up Our Cats and Dogs? The Guardian, September 13, 2023, www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2023/sep/13/the-case-against-pets-is-it-time-to-give-up-our-cats-and-dogs?ref=upstract.com.
Charles, Nickie
2014 ‘Animals Just Love You as You Are’: Experiencing Kinship across the Species Barrier. Sociology, August 2014, Vol. 48, No. 4 (August 2014), pp. 715-730.
Coren, Stanley
2003 The Pawprints of History: Dogs and the Course of Human Events. Free Press, New York, NY.
Du Toit, Jessica
2016 Is Having Pets Morally Permissible? Journal of Applied Philosophy, August 2016, Vol. 33, No. 3 (August 2016), pp. 327-343.
Flannery, Maura C.
2007 Dogs and Humans. The American Biology Teacher, Sep., 2007, Vol. 69, No. 7 (Sep., 2007), pp. 422-425.
Gabriel, Rami
2023 Why Do We Have Pets? The Culture of Domestication. Psychology Today, February 26, 2023, www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/me-the-self-and-i/202302/why-do-we-have-pets.
Grier, Katherine C.
2006 Pets in America: A History. The University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, NC.
Herzog, Hal
2010 Are Humans the Only Animals That Keep Pets? Psychology Today, June 18, 2010, www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/animals-and-us/201006/are-humans-the-only-animals-that-keep-pets.
2011 Do Wild Baboons Kidnap Puppies for Pets? Psychology Today, December 21, 2011, www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/animals-and-us/201112/do-wild-baboons-kidnap-puppies-pets.
Hobgood-Oster, Laura
2014 A Dog’s History of the World: Canines and the Domestication of Humans. Baylor University Press, Waco, TX.
Koudounaris, Paul
2020 A Cat’s Tale: A Journey through Feline History. Henry Holt and Company, New York, NY.
Kreilkamp, Ivan
2013 The Emotional Extravagance of Victorian Pet-Keeping. Victorian Review, Fall 2013, Vol. 39, No. 2, Special Issue: Extending Families (Fall 2013), pp. 71-74.
Lazenby, Francis D. 
1949 Greek and Roman Household Pets. The Classical Journal, Feb., 1949, Vol. 44, No. 5 (Feb., 1949), pp. 299-307.
Lilwall, Amy
2018 It’s Actually Pretty Weird That We Keep Pets As Animals. Literary Hub, September 20, 2018, lithub.com/its-actually-pretty-weird-that-we-keep-animals-as-pets/.
Pearson, Chris
2021 Dogopolis: How Dogs and Humans Made Modern New York, London, and Paris. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL.
Phineas, Charles
1974 Household Pets and Urban Alienation. Journal of Social History, Spring 1974, Vol. 7, No. 3 (Spring, 1974), pp. 338-343.
Rogers, Nala
2017 Rare Human Syndrome May Explain Why Dogs Are So Friendly. Inside Science, July 19 2017, www.insidescience.org/news/rare-human-syndrome-may-explain-why-dogs-are-so-friendly.
Shipman, Pat
2021 Our Oldest Companions: The Story of the First Dogs. The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
Thomas, Keith
1983 Man and the Natural World: Changing Attitudes in England 1500-1800. Penguin Books, London, UK.
Vining, Joanne
2003 The Connection to Other Animals and Caring for Nature. Human Ecology Review, Winter 2003, Vol. 10, No. 2, Special Issue: Conservation Psychology (Winter 2003), pp. 87-99.
Vocelle, L. A.
2016 Revered and Reviled: A Complete History of the Cat. Great Cat Publications, Charlotte, NC.
Wrye, Jen
2009 Beyond Pets: Exploring Relational Perspectives of Petness. The Canadian Journal of Sociology/Cahiers canadiens de sociologie, Vol. 34, No. 4 (2009), pp. 1033-1063.
Yuhas, Daisy
2015 Why So Many People Have Pets. Scientific American, September 1, 2015, www.scientificamerican.com/article/why-so-many-people-have-pets/.
 

Episode 20: Catering for the Caveman, Authentic Cuisine vs. BC BS

The Two Humans celebrate their twentieth episode with an “authentic” paleo luncheon. Check, please!
Episode 20: Catering for the Caveman—Authentic Cuisine vs. BC BS
An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans
Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human.
www.intro2anthro.podbean.com
https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542
IG @introtoanthrowith2humans
Resources:
Agoulnik, Dorothy, Mathieu Pascal Lalonde, George S. Ellmore, and Nicola M. McKeown
2021 The Origin and Evolution of the Paleo Diet. Nutrition Today, May/June 2021, Volume 56, Issue 3, journals.lww.com/nutritiontodayonline/Fulltext/ 2021/05000/Part_1__The_Origin_and_Evolution_of_the_Paleo_Diet.4.aspx.
Barras, Colin
2016 Ancient Leftovers Show the Paleo Diet Was a Veggie Feast. New Scientist, December 5, 2016, www.newscientist.com/article/2115127-ancient-leftovers-show-the-real-paleo-diet-was-a-veggie-feast/.
Butler, Stephanie
2023 Going Paleo: What Prehistoric Man Actually Ate. History.com, May 17, 2023, www.history.com/news/going-paleo-what-prehistoric-man-actually-ate.
Chrzan, Janet and Kima Cargill
2022 Anxious Eaters: Why We Fall for Fad Diets. Columbia University Press, New York, NY.
Cordain, Loren
2002 The Paleo Diet: Lose Weight and Get Healthy by Eating the Foods You Were Designed to Eat. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ. Curry, Andrew 2008 The Gladiator Diet. Archaeology, November/December 2008, Vol. 61, No. 6 (November/December 2008), pp. 28-30.
Davis, Madeleine
2013 Sorry, Neocavemen, but Your Paleo Diet is Pretty Much Bullshit. Jezebel, June 10, 2013, jezebel.com/sorry-neo-cavemen-but-your-paleo-diet-is-pretty-much-512277993.
Feder, Kenneth L. and Michael Alan Park
2007 Human Antiquity: An Introduction to Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, Fifth Edition. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY.
Guo, Yi, Rubi Wu, Guoping Sun, Yunfei Zheng, and Benjamin T. Fuller
2017 Neolithic Cultivation of Water Chestnuts (Trapa L.) at Tianluoshan (7000-6300 cal BP), Zhejian Province, China. Scientific Reports 7(1), November 24, 2017, www.researchgate.net/publication/321276154_Neolithic_cultivation_of_water_chestnuts_Trapa_L_at_Tianluoshan_7000-6300_cal_BP_Zhejiang_ Province_ China.
Haviland, William A., Dana Walrath, Harald E. L. Prins, and Bunny McBride 2008 Evolution and Prehistory: The Human Challenge, Ninth Edition. Wadsworth Cengage Learning, Belmont, CA.
Johnson, Adrienne Rose
2015 The Paleo Diet and the American Weight Loss Utopia, 1975-2014. Utopian Studies, Vol. 26, No. 1, Special Issue: Utopia and Food (2015), pp. 101-124.
Kingsley, Lisa
2023 The Seesawing History of Fad Diets. Smithsonian Magazine, February 7, 2023, www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/the-seesawing-history-of-fad-diets-180981586/.
LePage, Michael
2020 Earliest Roasted Root Vegetables Found in 170,000-year-old Cave Dirt. New Scientist, January 2, 2020, www.newscientist.com/article/2228880-earliest-roasted-root-vegetables-found-in-170000-year-old-cave-dirt/.
Lynch, Rene
2015 A Brief Timeline Shows How We’re Gluttons for Diet Fads. Los Angeles Times, February 28, 2015, www.latimes.com/health/la-he-diet-timeline-20150228-story.html.
Morell, Sally Fallon
2018 Nourishing Diets: How Paleo, Ancestral, and Traditional Peoples Really Ate. Grand Central Publishing, New York, NY.
Schoninger, Margaret
2014 Stable Isotope Analyses and the Evolution of Human Diets. Annual Review of Anthropology, 2014, Vol. 43 (2014), pp. 413-430.
Sept, Jeanne
2013 Review: A Mixed Buffet. Evolution, Vol. 67, No. 12 (December 2013), pp. 3688-3689.
Sillen, Andrew, Judith C. Sealy, and Nikolaas J. van der Merwe
1989 Chemistry and Paleodietary Research: No More Easy Answers. American Antiquity, Jul. 1989, Vol. 54, No. 3 (Jul., 1989), pp. 504-512.
Smith, Laura
2017 ‘The Drinking Man’s Diet’ Was the 1960s Ancestor to Atkins and Paleo—and It Was a Boozy Bestseller.” Timeline, September 27, 2017, timeline.com/drinking-mans-diet-carbs-82a38400bfff.
Wdowik, Melissa
2017 The Long, Strange History of Dieting Fads. College News: Colorado State University, November 7, 2017, source.colostate.edu/the-long-strange-history-of-dieting-fads/.
Wright, Jennifer
2016 Terrible Food Diets Throughout History. Racked, January 15, 2016, www.racked.com/2016/1/15/10725674/terrible-diets-from-history.
Voegtlin, Walter L.
1975 The Stone Age Diet. Vantage Press, Inc. New York, NY.
Wu, Katherine J.
2020 Humans Were Roasting Root Vegetables 170,000 Years Ago, Study Suggests. Smithsonian Magazine, January 7, 2020, www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/humans-were-roasting-root-vegetables-170000-years-ago-study-suggests-180973913/,
Zuk, Marlene
2013 Paleofantasy: What Evolution Really Tells about Sex, Diet, and How We Live. W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. New York, NY.

Episode 19: Busters, Hunters, and Believers, Ghosts and the People Who Love Them

Get ready to get scared! The Two Humans celebrate Halloween by talking about ghosts!!
Episode 19: Busters, Hunters, and Believers: Ghosts and the People Who Love Them.
An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans
Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human.
www.intro2anthro.podbean.com
https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542
IG @introtoanthrowith2humans
Resources:
Baruss, Imants
2001 Failure to Replicate Electronic Voice Phenomenon. Journal of Scientific Exploration, Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 355-367.
Bath, Jo and John Newton
2006 “Sensible Proof of Spirits”: Ghost Belief during the Later Seventeenth Century. Folklore, Apr., 2006, Vol. 117, No. 1 (Apr., 2006), pp. 1-14.
Birchard, Robert
2019 What Can Science Tell Us about Death? The New York Academy of Sciences, September 30, 2019, www.nyas.org/news-articles/academy-news/is-there-life-after-death/.
Chabot, Kevin
2019 Queer Spectralities and Untimely Subjects. Revue Canadienne d’Etudes cinematographiques/Canadian Journal of Film Studies, Fall/Automne 2019, Vol. 28, No. 2 (Fall/Automne 2019), pp. 1-22.
Cheung, Theresa
2006 The Element Encyclopedia of Ghosts & Hauntings. Harper Element, New York, NY.
Courage, Katherine Harmon
2020 Scientific American vs. the Supernatural. Scientific American, September 1, 2020, www.scientificamerican.com/article/scientific-american-vs-the-supernatural/.
Davies, Owen
2007 The Haunted: A Social History of Ghosts. Palgrave MacMillan, Houndmill, UK.
Dickey, Colin
2016 Ghostland: An American History in Haunted Places. Viking, New York, NY.
George, Stephen C.
2021 Ghost Busted: When Science Meets the Supernatural. Discover Magazine, October 6, 2021, www.discovermagazine.com/the-sciences/ghost-busted-when-science-meets-the-supernatural.
Goldstein, Diane El, Sylvia Ann Grider, and Jeannie Banks Thomas
2007 Haunting Experiences: Ghosts in Contemporary Folklore. University Press of Colorado, Boulder, CO.
Hulick, Kathryn
2019 The Science of Ghosts. Science News Explores, October 31, 2019, www.snexplores.org/article/science-ghosts.
Kwilecki, Susan
2009 Twenty-First-Century American Ghosts: The After-Death Communication—Therapy and Revelation from beyond the Grave. Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation, Vol. 19, No. 1 (Winter 2009), pp. 101-133.
Lowe, Jaime
2017 How to Tell a Ghost Story. The New York Times Magazine, February 10, 2017.
Owens, Susan
2017 The Ghost: A Cultural History. Tate Publishing, London, UK.
Radford, Benjamin
2022 The Shady Science of Ghost Hunting. Live Science, October 21, 2022, www.livescience.com/4261-shady-science-ghost-hunting.html. 2022 Are Ghosts Real? Live Science, October 31, 2022, www.livescience.com/26697-are-ghosts-real.html.
Reardon, Sara
2023 Burst of Brain Activity during Dying Could Explain Life Passing before Your Eyes. Science, May 1, 2023, www.science.org/content/article/burst-brain-activity-during-dying-could-explain-life-passing-your-eyes.
Roach, Mary
2005 Spook: Science Tackles the Afterlife. W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., New York, NY.
Schick, Jr., Theodore and Lewis Vaughn
2014 How to Think about Weird Things: Critical Thinking for a New Age, Seventh Edition. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY.
Spencer, Samuel
2023 The Science behind Seeing Ghosts. BBC, August 14, 2023, www.bbc.co.uk/ bbcthree /article/f8ce7277-5945-470a-b1ad-0c637d8265c1.
Storr, Will
2006 Will Storr vs. the Supernatural. Harper, New York, NY. Wiseman, Richard, Caroline Watt, Paul Stevens, Emma Greening, and Ciaran O’Keeffe
2002 An Investigation into the Alleged Haunting of Hampton Court Palace: Psychological Variables and Magnetic Fields. Journal of Parapsychology, 66(4), pp. 387-408. 2003 An Investigation into Alleged ‘Hauntings.’ British Journal of Psychology (2003), 94, pp. 195-211.
 

Episode 18: A Furious Drive on the Ol’ My-Five, a Handy History of Masturbation

Birds do it, bees do it, even chimpanzees in the trees, do it. We're talking, of course, about self-love. The Two Humans discuss the matter that's always at hand.
Episode 18: A Furious Drive on the Ol' My-Five: A Handy History of Masturbation.
An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans
Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human.
www.intro2anthro.podbean.com
https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542
IG @introtoanthrowith2humans
Resources:
Abbot, Elizabeth
2010 A History of Marriage: From Same Sex Unions to Private Vows and Common Law, the Surprising Diversity of a Tradition. Seven Stories Press, New York, NY.
Anonymous
1756 Onania or the Heinous Sin of Self-Pollution and All Its Frightful Consequences. H. Cooke, London, UK.
Baker, Robin and Mark A. Bellis
1995 Human Sperm Competition: Copulation, Masturbation, and Infidelity. Hard Nut Books, London, UK.
Block, Susan M.
2014 The Bonobo Way: The Evolution of Peace through Pleasure. Gardner & Daughters, Publishers, Beverly Hills, CA.
Brindle, Matilda, Henry Ferguson-Gow, Joseph Williamson, Ruth Thomsen, and Volker Sommer
2023 The Evolution of Masturbation Is Associated with Postcopulatory Selection and Pathogen Avoidance in Primates. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Biology B – Biological Sciences, Vol. 290, Issue 2000, June 2023, royalsocietypublishing. org/doi/epdf/10.1098/rspb.2023.0061.
Coontz, Stephanie
2005 Marriage, a History: How Love Conquered Marriage. Penguin Books, New York, NY.
Dearborn, Lester W.
1952 The Problem with Masturbation. Marriage and Family Living, Feb., 1952, Vol. 14, No. 1 (Feb., 1952), pp. 46-55.
De Waal, Frans and Frans Lanting
1997 Bonobos : The Forgotten Ape. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA. Haynes, April R.
2015 Riotous Flesh: Women, Physiology, and The Solitary Vice in Nineteenth-Century America. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL.
Incorvia, Darren
2023 When and Why Did Masturbation Evolve in Primates? A New Study Provides Clues. Science News, June 6, 2023, www.sciencenews.org/article/masturbation-evolve-primates.
Laqueur, Thomas W.
2003 Solitary Sex: A Cultural History of Masturbation. Zone Books, Brooklyn, NY.
Liu, Vic
2021 Bang: Masturbation for People of All Genders & Abilities. Microcosm Publishing, Portland, OR.
Moskowitz, Clara
2011 Why So Many Animals Evolved to Masturbate. LiveScience, February 23, 2011, www.livescience.com/12944-animals-evolved-masturbate.html.
Neuman, R. P.
1975 Masturbation, Madness, and the Modern Concepts of Childhood and Adolescence. Journal of Social History, Spring, 1975, Vol. 8, No. 3 (Spring, 1975), pp. 1-27.
Osbourne, Margaret
2023 Male Primate Masturbation May Have Evolved to Prevent STIs. Smithsonian Magazine, June 9, 2023, www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/male-primate-masturbation-may-have-evolved-to-prevent-stis-180982320/.
Roth, Lateefah, Peer Briken, and Johannes Fuss
2022 Masturbation in the Animal Kingdom. The Journal of Sex Research, March 22, 2022, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35316107/.
Sagar, Soumya
2023 Male Masturbation in Primates Evolved to Cut Chance of Catching STIs. New Scientist, June 7, 2023, www.newscientist.com/article/2377320-male-masturbation-in-primates-evolved-to-cut-chance-of-catching-stis/.
Sample, Ian
2023 Origins of Masturbation Traced Back to Primates 40m Years Ago. The Guardian, June 6, 2023, www.theguardian.com/science/2023/jun/07/origins-masturbation-traced-back-primates-40m-years-ago.
Shelton, James D.
2010 Masturbation: Breaking the Silence. International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, September 2010, Vol. 36, No. 3 (September 2010), pp. 157-158.
Thomsen, Ruth
2000 Sperm Competition and the Function of Masturbation in Japanese Macaques (Macaca Fuscata) (dissertation). Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen, October 2000.
Tissot, M. D.
1832 Treatises on the Diseases Produced by Onanism (Translated from a New Edition of the French). Collins & Hannay, New York, NY.
 

Episode 17: Don’t Look Now, But Your Culture Is Showing

Whether you know it or not, you’re exposing your culture right now! In this episode, The Two Humans try to subtly (and not so subtly) tell you that your cultural fly is down.
Episode 17: Don’t Look Now but Your Culture Is Showing
An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans
Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human.
www.intro2anthro.podbean.com 
https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542 
IG @introtoanthrowith2humans
Resources:
Beechey, Alan and Gina Teague
2023 USA: The Essential Guide to Customs & Culture, 2nd Edition.
Kuperard, London, UK. Binford, Sally R. and Lewis R. Binford
1968 Archeology in Cultural Systems. Aldine Transaction, London, UK.
Cottak, Conrad Phillip
2011 Cultural Anthropology: Appreciating Cultural Diversity, Fourteenth Addition. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY.
Creanza, Nicole, Oren Kolodny, and Marcus W. Feldman
2017 Cultural Evolutionary Theory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Vol. 114, No. 30 (July 25, 207), pp. 7782-7789.
Feder, Kenneth L. and Michael Alan Park
2007 Human Antiquity: An Introduction to Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, Fifth Edition. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY.
Ferraro, Gary and Susan Andreatta
2012 Cultural Anthropology: An Applied Perspective. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, Belmont, CA.
Geertz, Clifford
1973 The Interpretation of Cultures. Basic Books, New York, NY.
Greene, Kevin and Tom Moore
2010 Archaeology: An Introduction (Fifth Edition). Routledge, London, UK.
Hahn, Hans Peter
2008 Diffusionism, Appropriation, and Globalization. Some Remarks on Current Debates in Anthropology. Anthropos, 2008, Bd. 103, H. 1. (2008), pp. 191-202.
Harris, Marvin
1974 Cows, Pigs, Wars, and Witches: The Riddles of Cultures. Vintage Books, New York, NY.
Haviland, William A., Dana Walrath, Harold E. L. Prins, and Bunny McBride
2011 Evolution and Prehistory: The Human Challenge, Nineth Edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, Belmont, CA.
Howarth, Caroline, Wolfgang Wagner, Nicola Magnussen, and Gordon Sammut
2014 “It’s Only Other People Who Make Me Feel Black”: Acculturation, Identity, and Agency in a Multicultural Community. Political Psychology, February 2014, Vol. 35, No. 1 (February 2014), pp. 81-95.
Jensen, Lene Arnett Jensen
1997 Different Worldviews, Different Morals: America’s Culture War Divide. Human Development, 1997, Vol. 40, No. 6 (1997), pp. 325-344.
Johnson, Matthew 1999 Archaeological Theory: An Introduction. Blackwell Publishing, Malden, MA.
Lentz, Carola
2017 Culture. Zeitschrift fur Ethnologie, Bd. 142, H. 2, Special Issue: Rethinking Culture, Area, and Comparison from the Axial Age to the Contemporary Multi-centric World (2017), pp. 181-204.
Leonard, Robert D. 2001 Evolutionary Archaeology. In Archaeological Theory Today (ed. Ian Hodder). Polity Press, Cambridge, UK.
Lindaman, Kara and Donald P. Haider-Market
2002 Issue Evolution, Political Parties, and the Culture Wars. Political Research Quarterly, Mar., 2002, Vol. 55, No. 1 (Mar., 2002), pp. 91-110.
McGrew, W. C.
1998 Culture in Nonhuman Primates? Annual Review of Anthropology, 1998, Vol. 27 (1998), pp. 301-328.
Nash, Gary B, Charlotte Crabtree, and Ross E. Dunn
1997 History on Trial: Culture Wars and the Teaching of the Past. Alfred A. Knopf, New York, NY. Ritter, Luke 2021 Chapter Title: Culture War. In Inventing America’s First Immigration Crisis: Political Nativism in the Antebellum West. Fordham University Press, New York, NY.
Sam, David L. and John W. Berry
2010 Acculturation: When Individuals and Groups of Different Cultural Backgrounds Meet. Perspectives on Psychological Science, July 2010, Vol. 5, No. 4 (July 2010), pp. 472-481.
Thomson, Irene Taviss
2010 Culture Wars and Enduring American Dilemmas. The University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, MI.
Tylor, Edward B.
1909 Anthropology: An Introduction to the Study of Man and Civilization. D. Appleton and Company, New York, NY.
Young, James O.
2005 Profound Offense and Cultural Appropriation. The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism, Spring, 2005, Vol. 63, No. 2 (Spring 2005), pp. 135-146.
 

Episode 16: The Fears of a Clown, an Evolutionary History of Fear and Phobias

The Two Humans head to the big top to rip the nose and wig off their irrational fears and phobias.
Episode 16: The Fears of a Clown: An Evolutionary History of Fear and Phobias.
An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans
Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human.
www.intro2anthro.podbean.com
https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542
IG @introtoanthrowith2humans
Resources:
Alcolado, Gillian M., Sasha L. MacNeil, Kelsey Hannon, and Adam S. Radomsky
2015 Cognitive Model. Phobias: The Psychology of Irrational Fear (ed. Irena Milosevic and Randi E. McCabe), Greenwood, Santa Barbara, CA, pp. 86-88.
Bartholomew, Robert
2016 The Great Clown Scare of 2016. Psychology Today, October 7, 2016, www. psychologytoday.com/us/blog/its-catching/201610/the-great-clown-scare-2016.
Beck, Aaron T., Gary Emery, and Ruth L. Greenberg
1985 Anxiety Disorders and Phobias: A Cognitive Perspective. Basic Books, Inc., Publishers, New York, NY.
Cleveland Clinic
2021 Coulrophobia (Fear of Clowns). Cleveland Clinic, August 9, 2021, my. clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21835-coulrophobia-fear-of-clowns.
Despot, Adriane L.
1981 Some Principles of Clowning. The Massachusetts Review, Winter, 1981, Vol. 22, No. 4 (Winter 1981), pp. 661-678.
Elliott, Corinna M.
2015 Fear and Anxiety: Same or Different?. Phobias: The Psychology of Irrational Fear (ed. Irena Milosevic and Randi E. McCabe), Greenwood, Santa Barbara, CA, pp. 155-156.
Kocovski, Nancy L. and Amanda J. Desnoyers
2015 Fear, Return of (Relapse). Phobias: The Psychology of Irrational Fear (ed. Irena Milosevic and Randi E. McCabe), Greenwood, Santa Barbara, CA, pp. 165-167.
Kocovski, Nancy L., Rebecca A. Blackie, and Amanda J. Desnoyers
2015 Phobias, Causes of. Phobias: The Psychology of Irrational Fear (ed. Irena Milosevic and Randi E. McCabe), Greenwood, Santa Barbara, CA, pp. 289-293.
Langley, Travis
2017 The Lost Origin of Coulrophobia, the Abnormal Fear of Clowns, Psychology Today, February 24, 2017, www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/beyond-heroes-and-villains/201702/the-lost-origin-coulrophobia-the-abnormal-fear-clowns.
Macaulay, Christianne and Margo C. Watt
2015 Anxiety Sensitivity. Phobias: The Psychology of Irrational Fear (ed. Irena Milosevic and Randi E. McCabe), Greenwood, Santa Barbara, CA, pp. 24-26.
Mayhew, Henry
1985 London Labour and the London Poor. Penguin Books, London, UK. (Originally published in 1851)
McRobbie, Linda Rodriguez
2013 The History and Psychology of Clowns Being Scary. Smithsonian Magazine, July 31, 2013, www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/the-history-and-psychology-of-clowns-being-scary-20394516/.
Milosevic, Irena
2015 Fear. Phobias: The Psychology of Irrational Fear (ed. Irena Milosevic and Randi E. McCabe), Greenwood, Santa Barbara, CA, pp. 153-155.
Fear, Physiology of. Phobias: The Psychology of Irrational Fear (ed. Irena Milosevic and Randi E. McCabe), Greenwood, Santa Barbara, CA, pp. 163-165.
Fear of the Unknown. Phobias: The Psychology of Irrational Fear (ed. Irena Milosevic and Randi E. McCabe), Greenwood, Santa Barbara, CA, pp. 175-176.
Preparedness Theory. Phobias: The Psychology of Irrational Fear (ed. Irena Milosevic and Randi E. McCabe), Greenwood, Santa Barbara, CA, pp. 327-329.
Milosevic, Irena and Randi E. McCabe
2015 Introduction. Phobias: The Psychology of Irrational Fear (ed. Irena Milosevic and Randi E. McCabe), Greenwood, Santa Barbara, CA, pp. xiii-xv.
Moreno, Oswaldo, Ariel Kor, and David H. Rosmarin
2015 Cultural Differences. Phobias: The Psychology of Irrational Fear (ed. Irena Milosevic and Randi E. McCabe), Greenwood, Santa Barbara, CA, pp. 99-101.
Nadel, Darcie
2023 A Brief History of Clowns: How Did They Become Evil? Owlcation, April 16, 2023, owlcation.com/social-sciences/A-Brief-History-of-Clowns-How-Did-They-Become-Evil.
Radford, Benjamin
2016 Bad Clowns. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, NM.
Scorey, Sophie, James Greville, Philip Tyson and Shakiela Davies
2023 This is Why We’re Afraid of Clowns. The Conversation, March 6, 2023, theconversation.com/why-are-we-so-scared-of-clowns-heres-what-weve-discovered-199352
Summerscale, Kate
2022 The Book of Phobias: A History of Obsession. Penguin Books, New York, NY.
Tikkanen, Amy
2017 10 Famous Clowns: From Comical to Creepy. Encyclopedia Britannica, September 6, 2017, www.britannica.com/list/10-famous-clowns-from-comical-to-creepy.
2019 Why Are People Afraid of Clowns? Encyclopedia Britannica, August 30, 2019, www.britannica.com/story/why-are-people-afraid-of-clowns.
Tyson, Philip John, Shakiela K. Davies, Sophie Scorey and William James Greville
2023 Fear of Clowns: An Investigation into the Aetiology of Coulrophobia. Frontiers, February 2, 2023, www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1109466/full.
Zucker, Wolfgang M.
1954 The Image of the Clown. The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism, Mar., 1954, Vol. 12, No. 3 (Mar., 1954), pp. 310-317.
 

Episode 15: Sometimes It’s Adam, Eve, and Steve

A Look at Marriage throughout History and throughout the World.
Episode 15: Sometimes It’s Adam, Eve, and Steve.
www.intro2anthro.podbean.com 
https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542 
IG @introtoanthrowith2humans
An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans
Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human.
Resources:
Abbott, Elizabeth
2010 A History of Marriage: From Same Sex Unions to Private Vows and Common Law, the Surprising Diversity of a Tradition. Seven Stories Press, New York, NY.
Cleves, Rachel Hope
2015 “What, Another Female Husband?: The Prehistory of Same-Sex Marriage in America. The Journal of American History, March 2015, Vol. 101, No. 4 (March 2015), pp. 1055-1081.
Coontz, Stephanie
2005 Marriage, a History: How Love Conquered Marriage. Penguin Books, New York, NY.
Cottak, Conrad Phillip
2011 Cultural Anthropology: Appreciating Cultural Diversity, Fourteenth Addition. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY.
Eskridge, Jr., William N.
1993 A History of Same-Sex Marriage. Virginia Law Review, Oct., 1993, Vol. 79, No. 7, Symposium on Sexual Orientation and the Law (Oct., 1993), pp. 1419-1513.
Ferraro, Gary and Susan Andreatta
2012 Cultural Anthropology: An Applied Perspective. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, Belmont, CA.
Fox, Robin
1967 Kinship & Marriage: An Anthropological Perspective. The Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Grossbard, Amyra
1978 Towards a Marriage Between Economics and Anthropology and a General Theory of Marriage. The American Economic Review, May, 1978, Vol. 68, No. 2, Papers and Proceedings of the Ninetieth Annual Meeting of the American Economic Association (May, 1978), pp. 33-37.
Huber, Brad R., William F. Danaher and William L. Breedlove
2011 Material Resources Investments at Marriage: Evolutionary, Social, and Ecological Perspectives. Ethnology, Fall 2011, Vol. 50, No. 4 (Fall 2011), pp. 281-304.
Jensen, Lene Arnett
1997 Different Worldviews, Different Morals: America’s Culture War Divide. Human Development, 1997, Vol. 40, No. 6 (1997), pp. 325-344.
Jewison, Norman (Director)
1987 Moonstruck [Film]. Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. Kottak, Conrad Phillip 2011 Cultural Anthropology: Appreciating Cultural Diversity (Fourteenth Edition). McGraw, New York, NY.
Kuby, William
2014 Till Disinterest Do Us Part: Trial Marriage, Public Policy, and the Fear of Familial Decay in the United States, 1900-1930. Journal of the History of Sexuality, September 2014, Vol. 23, No. 3 (September 2014), pp. 383-414.
Leach, E. R.
1955 Polyandry, Inheritance and the Definition of Marriage. Man, Dec., 1955, Vol. 55 (Dec., 1955), pp. 182-186.
Schnarch, Brian
1992 Neither Man nor Woman: Berdache—A Case for Non-Dichotomous Gender Construction. Anthropologica, 1992, Vol. 34, No. 1 (1992), pp. 105-121.
Thompson, Brock
2010 The Un-Natural State: Arkansas and the Queer South. The University of Arkansas Press, Fayetteville, AR.